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October 15, 2025 – Afghanistan

October 15, 2025 – Afghanistan


Situation overview

After the Multi-Sectoral Rapid Assessment Model (MSRAF) assessment was completed on 15 September, findings indicate that the earthquake that struck eastern Afghanistan on 31 August had a devastating humanitarian impact, killing 1,992 people, injuring 3,631 people and destroying 8,489 homes.

From 1 to 15 September, as part of the work under the Reconstruction Project, IOM led a 25-member inter-agency assessment team, which included 14 staff from partner agencies, to conduct field assessments across the affected areas. During this period, MSRAF teams covered 134 villages across Kunar, Nangarhar and Laghman provinces, identifying 8,489 affected households (about 55,945 individuals) and 99 percent of homes were reported to be either destroyed or severely damaged. As the majority of affected communities reside in valleys surrounded by mountains, temperatures may drop to as low as -20°C, indicating an urgent need for winter preparedness support in the coming months. Many families are staying in tents in open areas without sufficient resources for heating during the cold weather. As such, any winterization support should be followed up with post-emergency transitional shelter interventions.

The worst affected locations include Nurgal and Chukai districts in Kunar, Dara Nur in Nangarhar, and parts of Laghman province. The humanitarian situation was further exacerbated by the second strong earthquake on 4 September, which caused additional damage and increased societal vulnerabilities. As of 8 September, 783 displaced families in Ziri Baba IDP Site (Nurgal District, Kunar) were reported to be living in unsafe conditions, facing severe water shortages, limited health services, mine/UXO risks, and heightened protection concerns – especially for women and children. On September 23, another 4.5-magnitude earthquake struck Dara Nur district in Nangarhar province. According to the assessment conducted by the team deployed in the area, no major damage was observed.

As humanitarian partners scale up multisectoral assistance and move from emergency response to early recovery efforts, the urgency of the response remains critical. There is an urgent need to strengthen coordination with clusters and de facto authorities, establish operational centers in affected districts, and mobilize additional funding to meet the enormous needs, especially with the approaching winter season, which threatens to exacerbate the vulnerabilities of those already affected by earthquakes.

The current disaster exacerbates broader crises in Afghanistan, with 1.97 million people returning from Iran and Pakistan since January 2025, as well as widespread economic hardship. As winter approaches, thousands remain without safe shelter, including displaced families in the Ziri Baba IDP site, underscoring the urgent need to scale up humanitarian and recovery support. According to the IOM Afghanistan Climate Vulnerability Assessment (ACVA) Round 2 (Afghanistan Climate Vulnerability Assessment – Round 2 (Q1 2025) | Displacement Tracking Matrix), earthquake-affected areas in Kunar, Nangarhar, Laghman and Nuristan provinces hosted an estimated 3.76 million people, including 301,278 Internally displaced. 112,980 internally displaced returnees and 376,598 returnees from abroad were in extremely vulnerable conditions before the earthquake.

In line with the UN Appeal for the East Afghanistan Earthquake Response Plan issued by OCHA on 09 September 2025, IOM has issued a one-year flash appeal requesting donors and partners for US$16.8 million to address the emergency and early recovery needs of affected communities. Urgent support is needed to scale up winterization interventions to ensure vulnerable affected households are prepared to face winter conditions over the coming months.

Sources

1/ https://Google.com/

2/ https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/flash-update-13-earthquake-eastern-afghanistan-kunar-nangarhar-laghman-15-october-2025

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