ACAPS Thematic Report Afghanistan: Pre-earthquake needs and implications for earthquake response in Balkh and Samangan Provinces (12 November 2025) – Afghanistan

At 01:00 on 3 November 2025, a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck northern Afghanistan at a depth of 28 km, with its epicenter about 22 km southeast of Kholm city, Samangan province, and 30 km southeast of Mazar-i-Sharif city, Balkh province. The most affected provinces were Balkh and Samangan (ECHO 06/11/2025; DW 03/11/2025; BBC 11/03/2025). In Balkh Province, the most affected districts were Sharkent, Shamtal, Kashandeh, Marmul, Mazar-i-Sharif and Sholgarh, while in Samangan Province, the most affected districts were Aybak, Firoz Nakhshir, Kholm,1 and Hazrat Sultan (Health Cluster 05/11/2025; OCHA 10/10/2025a). 26 people died, including 13 men, six women, and six children (the gender and age of the 26th person are not available). 12 of them are in Balkh, 13 in Samangan, and one in Saripul. 1,172 people were infected (no sex and age breakdown available), mostly in Balkh (635) and Samangan (421) (OCHA 10/10/2025a; IOM 11/09/2025). Overall, up to 110,000 people experienced very strong tremors and 1.53 million experienced strong tremors (ECHO 03/11/2025).

By the same date, assessments reported 874 homes destroyed and 2,153 damaged, with the worst impacts occurring in Samangan District, including the Aibak, Firoz Nakhshir and Kholm districts (WHO 11/07/2025; OCHA 10/10/2025a). There were 21 partially damaged health facilities (nine in Balkh, 13 in Samangan), and the influx of patients was overwhelming to functioning health facilities, particularly Kholm District Hospital, which lacked space and supplies (WHO 11/07/2025). The earthquake also damaged 18 water sources, leaving nine communities with insufficient water and nine with poor water quality. By 6 November, 11 communities did not have access to latrines, and 14 were forced to practice open defecation (UNICEF 11/06/2025). Damage and destruction to water, sanitation and hygiene facilities, coupled with limited access to healthcare, increases the risk of waterborne diseases spreading in affected communities.

Urgent needs include emergency health and trauma support, mental health and psychosocial support, emergency shelter and non-food items (including winter tents, blankets, tarpaulins and warm clothing), multi-purpose cash assistance, dignity kits, assistive devices for persons with disabilities, water, sanitation and hygiene assistance, and long-term support for repair and reconstruction of homes (OCHA 11/05/2025 and 10/10/2025; IOM 06/11/2025).

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