What happened? Will it happen again? What to do next time. « Euro Weekly News

The ground must have moved when a 4.9-magnitude earthquake shook the Costa del Sol across large parts of southern Spain on the morning of Friday, December 5. The epicenter of the quake, one of the strongest recent seismic events in the region, was off the coast of Fuengirola, Malaga.

The earthquake occurred at 10:38 a.m. local time at a depth ranging between 77 and 79 kilometers. While the initial report put the earthquake's magnitude at 4.2, the official confirmation from the National Geographic Institute (IGN) put it at 4.9. Despite its strength, authorities confirmed that there were no immediate reports of personal injuries or serious material damage, just a lot of nervous residents.

Immediate impact and response to emergency situations

The initial intensity of the quake, meaning it was a weak tremor was felt primarily by those inside, causing hanging objects to sway slightly. However, the unexpected shaking led to a quick response from emergency services.

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Andalusia's emergency number, 112, managed more than 40 calls related to the earthquake from different municipalities in three provinces: Malaga, Seville and Córdoba. In Malaga, tremors were felt strongly along the coast, including Benalmádena, Torremolinos, Marbella and the capital, as well as inland areas such as Ronda and Antiquera. Eyewitnesses described a “strong rumble” that lasted between two and five seconds.

The event demonstrates the extent of ongoing seismic activity typical of the region; Just days ago, IGN recorded a smaller 3.2 magnitude tremor off the coast of Estepona on December 1.

The Boran fault and the official tsunami danger

The province of Malaga is located adjacent to the seismically active Alboran Sea, which is defined by a complex Alboran fault system. This system represents the boundary between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates, and is known to be capable of generating major earthquakes and occasional tsunamis.

The possibility of a tsunami on the coast of Malaga has been officially recognized in the Spanish Government's Civil Protection Plan for Tsunami Hazards (Plan Estatal de Protección Civil ante el Riesgo de Maremotos), approved by the central government in 2021. This document classifies Malaga as one of the areas that could face severe consequences following a major offshore earthquake.

The plan estimates that a tsunami generated by the South Alboran fault could cause sea levels to rise by more than five metres, reaching the coast of Malaga in about 20 minutes. This risk profile is supported by studies, including findings by the CSIC in 2021 which concluded that strike-slip faults such as the Ibn Rushd Fault in the Alboran Sea have the potential to generate larger tsunamis than previously assumed.

Historical precedents of the major Malaga earthquakes

While the 4.9 magnitude quake is the strongest earthquake felt in the province since 2022, Málaga has experienced several devastating seismic events throughout its history. Data collected by the Andalusian University Institute of Geophysics and Seismic Disaster Prevention indicate the following:

1494: A 6.5 magnitude earthquake, with its epicenter in Malaga. 1680: A 6.2 magnitude earthquake, also centered in the city, tragically killed about 100 people and caused widespread damage to infrastructure, although the cathedral remained remarkably intact. 1884: This earthquake, known as the Granada Earthquake, was one of the most devastating in the recorded history of southern Spain, causing great devastation in the eastern part of the province of Malaga. Aftershocks and repeated earthquakes

General Direcipish Civón. reference:

Before the earthquake occurred

Identify safe places in each room (under sturdy tables, next to load-bearing interior walls, away from windows and heavy furniture). Secure heavy furniture, appliances, water heaters and shelves to the wall. Find out where and how electricity, gas and water are cut off. Prepare an emergency kit (water, food, medicine, radio, flashlight, whistle, etc.). Agree on a family meeting point in case you separate.

During an earthquake (the famous “bend-cover-hold” triangle)

If you are indoors:

Drop on the ground. Cover: Sit under a sturdy table or desk (protect your head and neck). Continue until the shaking stops. If there is no table nearby → Sit next to an interior wall, protecting your head with your arms.

If you are outdoors:

Move to an open area away from buildings, power lines, trees and street lights. Fall to the ground and protect your head. If you are driving: Slow down and stop in a safe, open place (away from bridges, overpasses, and buildings). Stay inside the car until the shaking stops.

After the earthquake

Check yourself and others for infections. Expect aftershocks (they can be strong). Do not use elevators. If you smell gas or see downed power lines → evacuate and alert emergency services (call 112 in Spain). Only use the phone in real emergencies. Listen to the radio or official sources (IGN, Civil Protection, 112) for updates.

Official IGN/Civil Protection resources (in Spanish and English) www.ign.es

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