McNair: Remember the 1906 earthquake that devastated Northern California

At approximately 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, Northern California was struck by an earthquake measuring 8.3 on the Richter scale (most recent research measures it at 7.7-7.9 on the Mercalli intensity scale). San Francisco sustained significant damage during this event, but damage has been documented along the San Andreas Fault from San Juan Bautista to Cape Mendocino. Many buildings along the Mendocino Coast suffered, especially brick buildings and chimneys.

At the Mendocino Lumber Mill, the 100-foot-tall chimney had stood for 42 years and survived other earthquakes but could not withstand one this strong. An iron chimney was ordered to replace it, most likely to avoid rebuilding it in the event of another earthquake. This damage was not the worst that had occurred at the plant. The 15-ton flywheel was crushed, and the basement supports were split and moved out of place.

Repairs at Caspar Lumber Company cost about $25,000, and the mill sustained less damage than others on the coast. The most significant loss at Caspar was the company’s railroad bridge spanning Jugandel Creek, which was 145 feet high and cost $15,000 to replace.

Throughout the city of Mendocino, homes were ripped from their redwood foundations, plate glass windows were shattered, and there was “hardly a chimney in town with a roof remaining,” the Mendocino Beacon reported. At the Jarvis & Nichols store on Main Street, the entire glass facade was shattered. The Occidental Hotel’s dining room and kitchen were pushed up from their foundation and moved five feet south. The Mendocino Lumber Mill installed a new chimney after an 8.3 magnitude earthquake struck Northern California on April 18, 1906. (Kelly House Museum via Bay City News)

Repairs began immediately, and C.R. Johnson, president of the Union Lumber Company, opened the lumber yard to the public to collect materials for the repairs. Johnson allowed people to make payments whenever convenient.

The Kelly family and relatives suffered damage to their homes. Daisy (Kelly) McCallum and her family lived in San Francisco on California Street. Their home sustained minor damage, but the Blairs and Drexlers lost their homes in the fire. One story relayed reports that Daisy’s home in Mendocino, which was located near Ukiah Street, shook so badly from the quake that the entire house shifted down the slope toward Albion Street. Daisy reportedly liked this location better and the foundation was rebuilt in the new place.

Although it is an interesting story, there is no mention of the MacCallum House in the Mendocino Beacon’s reports of the earthquake, and a 1908 newspaper article refers to construction of the house, including “work to move the evacuated house to the center of the lot.”

Avery McNair is a curator at the Kelley House Museum in Mendocino, California.

This story originally appeared in The Mendocino Voice.

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