Philippines | Earthquakes and Typhoons 2025 – Operation Update No. 4 (MDRPH057) – Philippines

A. Situation analysis

Description of the crisis

In late 2025, the Philippines faced a series of overlapping disasters that dramatically worsened humanitarian needs on the ground. A strong earthquake in Cebu province marked the beginning of the humanitarian crisis, followed by Typhoons Tino (Kalmiji) and Awan (Phuong Wong) in quick succession. The complex nature of these disasters has left massive devastation in various regions, displacing thousands of families and severely disrupting livelihoods and access to basic services. As a result, the cumulative impacts of these disasters have further exacerbated the vulnerabilities of affected communities, suggesting that recovery will be a long-term process.

On September 30, 2025, a 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of Bogo City in northern Cebu. The shallow depth of the earthquake triggered severe earthquakes, causing homes to collapse, damage to roads and bridges, and widespread power outages. Several municipalities in Cebu province, including Danbantayan, Medellin, San Remigio, Borbon and parts of Cebu City, were among the worst affected. Based on case report no. According to Instruction No. 30 issued by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)2, more than 217,910 families were affected in Cebu province alone, with their homes either destroyed or partially damaged. Critical infrastructure such as schools, government buildings, health facilities and transportation networks were also severely damaged, disrupting access to basic services. Many families were forced to seek temporary shelter in evacuation centres, while others remained in unsafe living conditions due to limited housing options.

While communities were just beginning to mobilize relief efforts in the aftermath of the earthquake, Typhoon Tino (Kalmiji) entered the Philippines’ area of ​​responsibility on 02 November 2025. The storm rapidly intensified and made several landfalls across the Visayas and Palawan region, bringing with it strong winds, heavy rains, flooding, and landslides. Multiple areas in Central Cebu, Mimaropa, Negros Islands Region, and parts of Caraga experienced severe flooding, resulting in further damage to homes, livelihoods, and infrastructure. A total of 1,526,203 families were affected – 263,712 people were displaced, and agricultural lands were inundated, affecting food security and sources of income for many families.

Shortly after, Super Typhoon Awan tore through Luzon City and neighboring coastal provinces, unleashing damaging winds, heavy rains, and causing storm surge. This led to additional destruction in some repeatedly affected areas. The hurricane caused widespread flooding in low-lying and coastal areas, damaged hundreds of thousands of homes, and disrupted electricity, water, transportation, and communications services. Preventive evacuations helped reduce the number of casualties, but prolonged displacement and slow restoration of basic services continued to put pressure on affected communities. According to NDRRMC Sitrep no. As of 24 November, the STY Uwan area had affected approximately 2,242,319 families in various districts, while 355,992 individuals remained displaced.

As a result of these worsening disasters, an estimated 13 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance. The scale of needs on this basis remains enormous, as affected communities continue to face urgent needs in the areas of shelter, water, sanitation, health care, food security and livelihood restoration. The complexity of this humanitarian crisis underscores the importance of sustained, coordinated assistance to enable families to recover safely, rebuild disrupted livelihoods, and strengthen community resilience.

For a current overview or month-6 update of the current humanitarian situation, please refer to the needs analysis section. This section highlights the situation of affected and displaced populations affected by typhoons and earthquakes, along with evolving needs identified through recent multi-sectoral assessments conducted by the People’s Republic of China. These results ensure that shelter, livelihoods, water, sanitation and other recovery interventions remain targeted and relevant to districts prioritized under this appeal.

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