The Le Teil earthquake provides new insights into earthquake hazards in France and Western Europe

IMAGE: Surface displacement mapping using InSAR satellite imaging data. Along the rift, the land has been raised (southeast) or collapsed (northwest). The star designates the epicenter. Show more

Photo credit: © Jean-François RITZ et al

On November 11, 2019, a magnitude 5 earthquake occurred near the village of Le Teil in the Rhone Valley in southern France, causing an unexpected surface rupture with a land shift. For the first time in France, the CNRS, IRSN, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Université Côte d’Azur and Terradue (1) had the opportunity (1) to use all the available modern seismic, geodesic and geological techniques to study this historically unprecedented seismic event. The data, published August 27, 2020 in Communications Earth & Environment, revealed that the earthquake was due to the reactivation of the old La Rouvière Fault. The rift formed during a tectonic period extending about 20-30 million years ago during the Oligocene Epoch, and is no longer considered active. During the Le Teil earthquake, the fault experienced a reverse fault movement (compression) with an average surface displacement of about 10 cm both vertically and horizontally. Scientists estimate that the event occurred at a shallow focal depth of approximately 1 km, which explains why the rupture along the fault could reach the surface and cause significant damage despite the medium size (3) (the exact location of the earthquake focus is under study. Currently by another research team). The results raise the possibility of reactivation of other faults in France and Western Europe and produce surface displacements, while the risk of earthquakes with surface rupture was considered thus far highly unlikely. To better assess the likelihood of such events, several teams of scientists in France are conducting investigations into ancient seismology looking for evidence of past earthquakes along these faults.

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Notes:

(1) Members of the Géosciences Montpellier (CNRS / Université de Montpellier / Université des Antilles), Géoazur (CNRS / Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur / IRD / Université Côte d’Azur), Isterre (CNRS / IRD / Université Grenoble Alpes / co Université Savoie Mont Blanc / Université Gustave Eiffel laboratories) in this study, together with IRSN (France) and Terradue (Italy).

(2) Geodesy is the study of the shape and deformations of the Earth’s surface, usually with the help of satellite observations.

(3) Only 10% of earthquakes of this magnitude cause surface rupture.

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