Earthquake risks and climate change in the Wairarapa Valley are the focus of Angus Kebbell’s review of how farmers face the challenges

The environment has a significant impact on agriculture and rural communities, and as our environment changes, farmers are increasingly exposed to the risk of the impacts this change brings. The impact an earthquake can have on rural communities is often overlooked, and this of course adds to the already difficult conditions that many face.

At midnight on November 14, 2016, an 8-magnitude earthquake occurred in the Kaikoura region, and cracks occurred on multiple faults from North Canterbury High Country to Keakirango north of Kaikoura, and this earthquake has been described as the most complex earthquake ever studied, and it caused large faults. . Land damage is widespread across large areas of the North Canterbury Hill and the high countryside.

Immediately evident impacts included damage to farms, buildings, fences, water networks and access paths. The pressures on people and livestock were very evident, both in terms of the direct impact of the event, or the sudden, unexpected loss of water storage infrastructure and the loss of access to roads for several months afterwards.

The Papatea fault, which is one of 24 in the region which ruptures along a system of right lateral slip faults, in the Kaikoura region, these faults travel from the right side alpine fault.

Due to the Kaikoura earthquake, there is evidence that the Weiraraba fault line to the north has increased pressure and is at risk of rupture.

The Wairarapa fault line is responsible for the most severe earthquake to strike New Zealand since colonialism. In 1855, an 8.2 magnitude earthquake caused massive damage throughout the region and triggered a tsunami, so it is important and appropriate for all farming communities across New Zealand to learn from the events caused by the Kaikoura earthquake.

This week on Factum-Agri we’re going to Wairarapa to discuss climate change and the impact it has on a single agricultural operation.

William is experiencing climate change, the winter is getting warmer with fewer frosts and fewer average annual rainfall, and rainfall is dropping by an average of 200 windmills on his property. Changes have been made to its farming system to accommodate environmental changes as well as changes in market conditions and regulatory requirements.

Typical circulation times have changed and there is an emphasis on planting in shoulder seasons more when the forage supply is at its highest. William finds that fall is his greatest risk and that spring forage is reliable even in the toughest years.

Petra spoke of the variations of the different regions or regions within the region. Temperatures increased, supporting William’s log book entries, reduced frosts and increased growth days would become more prevalent according to NIWI predictions. NIWA Predictions also indicate that as hours of sunshine increase and warmth continues, we will eventually see prolonged droughts increase.

The summer of 2017-2018 saw the summer of Masterton being the hottest on record and the hottest day was in January of 2018 when the temperature was 35.4 degrees.

There is no doubt that global warming is and will be a challenge for New Zealand farmers.

What is interesting is the sheep and beef strip. Greenhouse gas emissions have been reduced each year. By 2015, greenhouse gas emissions in this sector were 19% below the 1990 baseline used internationally.

This was achieved through a combination of diminishing sheep numbers, from 70 million in the 1980s to around 29 million in 2015, and continuous improvements in productivity and performance resulted in roughly the same amount of sheep meat being produced.

Productivity improvements include higher load ratios, faster finishing, and higher carcass weights due to improved genetics, improved feed types and feed management.

Not only has total emissions been reduced, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions generated per kilogram of meat has continued to decrease at a rate of about -1% annually.

Cows have experienced a similar reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from every kilogram of meat. While there is still work to be done, realistic, applicable goals and objectives must be set, and policymakers alike need to look at the great work and improvements in recent times, and acknowledge, support and encourage the improvements out there that are, quite frankly, an industry that does. New Zealand is more favorable than any other industry.

To get the full story, listen to or download the podcast above.

Angus Kebbell is the producer at Tailwind Media. You can contact him here.

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