New model reveals previously unrecognized complexity of oceanic earthquake zones – ScienceDaily

Researchers from the University of Tsukuba applied seismic data from all over the world to construct a model of the 2020 Caribbean earthquake. Oceanic conversion errors are generally linear and simple and have been widely used in earthquake dynamics studies. However, the research team found that high complexity in rupture velocity and direction can occur even in a supposedly simple linear error system.

On January 28, 2020, a major ocean earthquake measuring 7.7 struck the diversion fault of the Oriente in the Caribbean Sea between Jamaica and Cuba. It caused a slight tsunami of 0.11 meters high and was felt as far away as Florida.

A research team at the University of Tsukuba has developed a new method for finite error reflection to build models based on waveform data remotely from seismic stations. This new approach to using data takes a more flexible approach to resolving error engineering. Rather than relying on previous assumptions, the components of the fault are evaluated separately in a broader model in both time and space, allowing consideration of all possible rupture developments. The team was keen to use the Caribbean earthquake to help understand the fault processes that occur during these shallow oceanic earthquakes.

“Some instances of complex rupture dynamics have been reported recently in previous earthquake studies, which raises the question whether we are modeling these correctly even in hypothetically minor fault systems,” says study author Professor Yuji Yagi. “Initial monitoring of the January 2020 event suggested waveform differences between two stations at similar distances from the epicenter, indicating that there is still a complexity to explore at this fault.”

This was an excellent opportunity to test the new method the team developed, which used data from 52 seismic stations to build a detailed model of the geophysical processes inside the fault that triggered the earthquake.

“The results revealed a complex rupture during the earthquake, caused by a curvature in the fault that led to changes in rupture velocity and direction detected in the monitoring data,” explains the author, Professor Ryo Okwaki. “These differences led to many successive ruptures that occurred along the 300 km fault.” The modeling approach also allows for some suggestions about the probability of subsidence and shape of the surrounding sea floor following an earthquake event.

These results reveal that peripheral transformation errors, which are considered simple and linear, may be more complex than previously accepted, and thus require a more comprehensive approach to earthquake modeling. This work will highlight the potential interaction between earthquake fault movement and ocean floor development around shunt boundaries.

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Materials provided by the University of Tsukuba. Note: The content can be modified according to the style and length.

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