Liquefaction: Lessons from the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake

Misko Kuprinovsky spent his career studying liquefaction induced earthquakes, but was surprised at how widespread and widespread the liquefaction effects were in the aftermath of the 2011 Christchurch earthquake.

“It is possibly the largest recorded urban liquefaction in the world.”

On February 22, 2011, the city of Christchurch was hit by a severe earthquake that resulted in massive loss of life, destruction … and liquefaction.

Mysko Kuprinovsky, a geotechnical seismologist at the University of Canterbury, explains that liquefaction is the result of the transformation of a solid medium – soil – into a liquid medium due to violent vibration.

Soils subject to liquefaction are generally sandy, clay, or gravel and must be saturated with water.

This moist, moist soil condenses as a result of earthquake vibration, creating pressure in the groundwater.

This high-pressure water forces soil particles to diverge and the soil loses its structure to become a viscous liquid, Mesko says.

Liquefaction develops very quickly during strong earthquakes.

“During the February 2011 earthquake, it took two, three, four seconds to liquefy the loose soil in the eastern outskirts of Christchurch,” says Mesko.

Then there is a period of a minute or two when the liquefaction effect remains very strong during which significant distortions and effects occur. After that, it takes hours or even days for the soil to return to its balance. “

Mesko says Christchurch is still suffering the important consequences of liquefaction 10 years after it happened.

While liquefaction can extend 15-20 meters deep, its most damaging consequences occur near the surface of the Earth, at the top five meters, Mesco says.

Mesco helped map and study liquefaction in Christchurch after the 2011 earthquake.

He says that one of the most important discoveries from the research is that “liquefaction at great depths can prevent liquefaction effects from appearing on the surface of the earth.”

The deep liquefaction layer acts as an isolation mechanism, preventing earthquake waves from reaching shallow soil.

This finding, he says, illustrated why some areas of the city that had runoff soil were damaged much less than expected.

Misko is concerned with how buildings and other structures such as pipes respond to vibration and liquefaction.

MSCO is part of the Quakecore Center of Research Excellence.

Participate in Scirt – Christchurch’s most powerful infrastructure rebuilding team – that was created right after the 2011 earthquake to rebuild Christchurch’s horizontal infrastructure, such as water and sewage mains.

Soon after the earthquake struck, he provided a map to divide the liquefaction zones and other tips to help determine the best locations for the new piping.

Listen to the full podcast to learn more about ways to create more resilient horizontal infrastructure, and the liquefaction risks posed by reclaimed land on Wellington’s waterfront.

More RNZ Podcasts – Lessons from a Shaky Decade of Earthquakes – Darfield. Christchurch. Cook strait. Kaikoura. New Zealand has been hit by four major earthquakes in the past decade. Three scientific seismologists in the GNS remember their experiences with the elders and talk about the lessons we learned from these shaky 10 years.

Preparing for the next major earthquake – We cannot predict when and where earthquakes will happen, says Brendon Bradley, but “we have probability models that tell us the probability that some faults will explode over a given period of time.”

Low-Damage Building Design – Low-damage buildings don’t just save lives in an earthquake, says Geoff Rodgers – they’re designed to be resilient so you can continue to use.

What we do during an earthquake and why it matters – David Johnston says that when it comes to earthquakes, doing nothing is sometimes a safer option than taking the wrong action.

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