Nepalese Times Review the Nepal earthquake lessons 2015

The massive mission was initially coordinated by the government and a Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) report was prepared by the National Planning Commission (NPC) with the support of 500 national and international experts.

The National Reconstruction Authority subsequently led the reconstruction activities. Ministries and departments had to learn to work together in a more integrated way to rescue, relief and reconstruction administration and support each other. The required level of synchronization has established a basis for future disaster management.

Nepal faces many types of disasters and has also learned from the experience of India, China and Pakistan who have also suffered from deadly earthquakes. The Gujarat owner building model for reconstruction has proven valuable to Nepal, especially in rebuilding the house.

The government provides technical services and grants on an installment basis, and survivors drive to build their own home. Lessons learned in Nepal can now be copied and adapted in other countries.

The 2015 earthquake provided expertise to community organizations, local governments and policy makers at the national level. The National People’s Assembly, the departments and ministries leading the rescue, rehabilitation and reconstruction now have a valuable institutional memory.

If coordinated leadership emerges in the aftermath of a disaster, our institutions inside and outside the government have proven that they can provide services with advanced knowledge and capabilities.

The experience of engineers, planners, builders and workers in the heritage sector will also be valuable. Many women entrepreneurs have gone out of the reconstruction process, as women have entered occupations that were not before, including construction and carpentry.

We now have a very good stock of skills for similar reconstruction, and also in transferring knowledge about building renovation in other parts of the country.

Another important achievement after the disaster was the creation of a system that could now be a regular part of the work of our bureaucratic mechanism. Building codes were updated and implemented in urban centers. Planning standards for local governments and real estate have been introduced.

An analysis of the structure of any proposed building should now ensure earthquake resistance not only from nearby earthquakes but also from the largest earthquakes in the region. This indirect effect ultimately helps Nepalese in unaffected areas to have a flexible public and private infrastructure.

The earthquake was an opportunity to revive traditional wooden crafts, engineering temples, public buildings and even houses built in the traditional style – all of this will help revive tourism in the future.

Learning from Nepal’s past to rebuild its future, Prakriti Kandil

Whether in the form of in-kind relief assistance or government grants, the poorest households received more than the better households. Tens of thousands of families without bank accounts now have access to the banking system.

The National Research Authority (NRA) also decided that people without land and people living in disaster-prone areas are entitled to additional grants to purchase nearby land in safer areas. The property must also be registered in the name of the husband and wife. Likewise, marginalized communities, unmarried women, and the elderly were allowed to receive an additional grant through NGOs to support reconstruction.

Sure, there are a lot of things that can be better, faster and smoother. It was not possible to implement the “integrated settlement” of rural areas, which would have reduced public spending on water supply, rural access roads, and the electricity supply system, for example. This was because we adopted the owner-building model for private housing.

Affected communities were given this option with some incentives in land planning, registration cost and public infrastructure financing. However, due to social and other reasons, very few people chose integrated settlements.

Although the political decision not to lease any government or semi-government land to private parties was taken, the administration of the more open areas of the city’s residents did not begin during the reconstruction.

Traditional architecture cannot be preserved in private homes and public buildings. Designs that follow the traditional methods and training of builders are completely ignored, as people choose reinforced concrete tires.

Not only did people lose their lives and homes, they also lost their livelihoods. There has been a lot of focus on physical reconstruction and not enough on getting people back on their feet by engaging SMEs.

Despite all these weaknesses, the pace of reconstruction in Nepal is satisfactory, compared to other countries in the region that have suffered disasters on a similar scale. Experience and opportunities were used to move the country toward a more flexible path.

Govind Raj Pokharel, Ph.D., was the first president of the National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) in 2015.

Also read:

Bhaktapur shows the way by rebuilding herself, Suyog Prajapati

Shilin Teo’s traditional seismic designs

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