Guyana earthquake ‘eccentric’ | MENAFN.COM

(MENAFN – Caribbean News Global)

Written by Indrani Deulal

The satellite was captured in high orbit on a Soyuz rocket from the European Spaceport in French Guiana, captured in stunning detail, and a historic rupture from the rare Guyana earthquake of 5.6 magnitude on January 31.

In bright crimson and blue, Copernicus Sentinel-1’s 12-day collage of interference plots, or color charts based on interference waves, was recently shared on Twitter, the popular microblogging service, by an international specialist in seismology and paleontology Ancient, Dr. Soteris Falkaniotis.

Sentinel-1 is the acronym for the European Radar Observatory, within the family of Global Environment and Security Watch satellites, designed and developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and funded by the European Commission (EC). The Copernicus missions, consisting of a pair of advanced space machines, represent the European Union’s contribution to the Global Earth Observing Systems System (GEOSS). It is named after the great mathematician, astronomer, and scientist of the Renaissance, Nicolaus Copernicus, who formulated a model for placing the sun instead of the earth at the center of the universe.

A technology known as Interventional Modular Aperture Radar (InSAR) has also revolutionized our ability to study planetary events including earthquakes by allowing us to measure factors such as where, to what extent, and in which direction caused the Earth to move.

Because satellites detect enormous stretches, they can collect massive amounts of data quickly, which proves to be invaluable in situations like the remote and densely populated region of Rupononi in Guyana where there is no instrumentation or very limited coverage in the wider continental area.

Dr. Valkaniotis tweeted on February 12, “ Sudden rupture of M5. January 6 – 31 Guyana # Earthquake. Copernicus overlap # Sentinel1. Potential complex surface impact of up to 6 km with a displacement of 20+ cm, consistent with a northwest-southeast strike … “Meditate,” This is the first (?) Of the South American kraton. “

The ancient geological remnants of the young Earth’s continental lithosphere, the giant Amazonia craton on which Guyana and the sister states of South America are anchored, are called the Guiana Shield as a thick, stable protective barrier against large earthquakes. There is no telling tale of a hotter mantle as in the mid-ocean hills or the continental rift.

It is more than a billion years old, and in some sections two billion years, the powerful craton is the continent’s oldest nucleus or pre-Cambrian geological formation, divided by the Amazon drainage basin into two parts, the Guiana Shield in the north, and the Guaporé or Central. Brazilian Shield in the south. The soaring heights of the Shield are the Guiana Heights, which feature famous Table-Top mountains or Teboy, and gorgeous waterfalls that range from Kaieteur to Angel.

Published by Dr. Valkaniotis, Northwest Whammy (NW) – Southeast (SE) look essentially N110-120 ° reverse error, according to focus mechanisms (FMs). The rip pattern detailing is very complex – very shallow orientations are to be expected within the panel. There are some interesting secondary ruptures between the West and East at the extremities.

The focal mechanism, or “beach ball,” is a two-dimensional circular shaded graphic symbol indicating the type of slip and fault direction, surrounding the lower center, the location of the earthquake in the Earth’s crust. If the rock mass moves over a downward sloping fault, the fault is called normal. If the rock is moved up, it is called reverse, while the thrust error is an inverse error with a slope of 45 ° or less.

In the past, surface rupture was rarely identified for M5 earthquakes or smaller earthquakes, but this changes with many earthquakes, mainly due to InSAR images. In the past, without sensing, small surface breaks were not found, or were not directly related to the fracture rupture, and may have been interpreted as secondary effects of vibration. With InSAR, the absolute site of rupture and other ground disruptions can be stabilized with an accuracy of about one meter, versus the standard earthquake location from distant seismographs with an accuracy of just a kilometer or more, another expert said, Dr. Anthony Lomax said. I am. Dr Lomax is a reputed seismic consultant, specializing in earthquake monitoring, positioning, analysis and early / real-time warning.

On February 1, Dr. Lomax shared, via Twitter, “very clear seismic charts approximately 800 km from ENE in French Guiana, via Kraton,” indicating that P and S waves arrived early – from the “cold” solid upper mantle, while the surface The waves arrived late due to the thick crust.

When seismic waves pass through cold, solid rocks in a stable region like a cartoon, they remain sharp and pure, like hearing sound across an open space, unlike that of a cave, with a lot of echo and interfering noise. explained.

There are very few M5 and larger earthquakes in stable craton regions of the world every year. To some extent, it was just an opportunity for this earthquake to happen in Guyana on January 31, but it is not at all expected that such an earthquake would happen somewhere in the world in the Kraton region, experts said.

If the Guyana earthquake, which has sparked interest and online discussion among seismologists, is confirmed as the first surface rupture identified for the South American Kraton, it will join an exclusive group, as similar events have been recorded on other ancient Kraton, such as in Australia and Africa.

In the aftermath of the earthquake, Rupononi was hit by more than 20 earthquakes, including 4 earthquakes of magnitude between 4.0 and 5.0, 10 earthquakes between 3.0 and 4.0 meters, and 5 earthquakes between 2.0 and 3.0 meters.

Experts note that while we cannot predict earthquakes, anywhere on Earth can have earthquakes. With a natural build-up of stress, even if very slowly, an earthquake will eventually occur, and without the need for a man-made trigger, which is what happened in Guyana on January 31st. But in most cases, aftershocks of a large earthquake occur for a specific area of ​​decreasing magnitude and fortunately, at least in this, we are not different.

* ID welcomes a tweet by a seismologist from Oxford University, proposing, “Can we create a fan club for strange little earthquakes that are (or nearly) rupture the surface?”

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