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A strange earthquake reveals a hidden mechanism

 


University Park, Pennsylvania – the wrong type of earthquake in an area where there should not be an earthquake has prompted researchers to uncover the cause of this unexpected earthquake sliding – where two pieces of crust slide over each other on a fault – in places where earthquakes are common in the subduction zone Where one of the geological plates slides under another.

Kevin B. Furlong, professor of earth sciences at Pennsylvania: “The first earthquake in the Shomagen Islands region of Alaska was of the correct type.” “The second one was an earthquake, an earthquake, that doesn’t make sense. That was the part that made us think.”

In subduction zones, where two tectonic plates meet, one plate slides under the other. If the panels slide smoothly, they are considered unlocked or separated. If the plates stop for some time until the forces overcome the friction holding them and then release, causing an earthquake, they are considered closed or coupled. Some parts of the subduction zone may be locked while others may be unlocked.

In 2020, the subduction zone façade earthquake, the type expected in the subduction zone, occurred in the Alaskan Aleutian subduction zone to the east of an area called the Shomagen Gap. This first earthquake happened as other similar earthquakes occurred in the past.

The Shomagin Gap is an area of ​​the subduction zone that is considered unlocked and where geologists assume that no earthquakes will occur. However, in the place where the first earthquake occurred, on the edge of the Shomagin Gap, the subduction zone was closed, and earthquakes occurred there.

In October 2020, an earthquake struck the Pacific plate right in the middle of the gap, which is unexpected.

“There must be a mistake in the subsidence of the Pacific Plate, and we cannot see it,” Furlong said.

He explained that in the oceanic crust there are sliding faults that develop at the ridges in the middle of the ocean. This Shomagine Gap bug might be a remnant of a ridge fault in the middle of the ocean, activated in a different way. Furlong added that he appears to be in the right direction.

To investigate the event, Furlong and Matthew Herman, an assistant professor of geology at California State University, Bakersfield, designed the earthquakes. It also included data from the small tsunami that occurred from the second earthquake. They found that with a crack in the merging plate, the inseparable nature of the Shomagin Gap made an earthquake more likely there than if it connected the area. The researchers announced their findings today (March 24) in Science Advances.

“The possibility of extraordinary earthquakes in these areas makes sense from our computational models,” Hermann said. “ But it still doesn’t make sense that reducing the likelihood of the expected type of earthquakes actually makes other types of large earthquakes more likely.

The researchers found that the tsunami data was helpful, especially in areas where GPS data was not available. The tsunami also allows paleontologists to look back on past events through any deposits left over from previous earthquakes. Previously there was no evidence of major earthquakes in this area from tsunami data.

“It is possible that there will be other areas separated where we assume they are safe from earthquakes, but they are not,” Furlong said. “It is unlikely that they will experience a large subduction earthquake, but they can experience a fatal earthquake. If there are people in the area, it could cause damage by the vibration and a small tsunami.”

Furlong suggested that there is a growing realization that there are other ways to generate earthquakes at plate boundaries, and that we need more future thinking when we think of earthquakes at these boundaries.

The National Science Foundation supported this research.

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