Tectonic plate roughness may predict earthquake strength • Earth.com

Researchers at McGill University have created a link between the tectonic plate hardness and the frequency and magnitude of earthquakes. The study confirms the idea that tectonic plates with rough spots are more slip-resistant and less likely to cause a large earthquake.

The team examined tectonic plates with varying degrees of roughness, which could help explain why some earthquakes are stronger than others.

“We already knew that the roughness of the defect was an important factor, but we did not know the extent of the faulty faults in the ground, nor how much the roughness changed for one error,” said lead author Professor James Kirkpatrick, the first study author.

Earthquakes occur when rocks break below the surface of the Earth along geological fault lines and slip between them. Individual fault characteristics, such as surface smoothness or roughness, can affect the size of the earthquake.

However, it is difficult to evaluate specific error characteristics because the systems are still underground.

To investigate the properties of fault lines, the Mcgill team used high-resolution seismic reflection data to map and measure the roughness of the plate boundary defect located off the coast of Costa Rica.

Researchers found that some parts of the rift have a rougher surface than others. Previous earthquakes in this particular region were only mild. Professor Kirkpatrick believes that the history of low-volume events is related to the rough spots identified along the error.

“These rough spots are stronger and more resistant to seismic slip,” said Professor Kirkpatrick. “The historical record of earthquakes is relatively short, so we cannot say for sure that the largest earthquakes have not occurred. Future seismic events in the region, which will be recorded with modern equipment, should help us determine whether they show the same limited size.”

Next, the researchers will apply their findings to other subduction areas, where current data can help them verify their conclusions.

“This correlation between error roughness and earthquake strength may one day help us understand the magnitude and pattern of earthquakes most likely to cause a specific error.”

The study was published in the journal Nature Geosciences.

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Posted by Chrissy Sexton, Earth.com crew writer

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