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The state of our oceans | New
The World Meteorological Office statement on the state of the global climate in 2019 has just been released. It confirms preliminary figures making 2019 the second hottest year on record.
In his foreword, he has the disappointing, perhaps even frightening, statement that "we are currently far from the path to achieving the goals of 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7F) or 2C (3.6F) that the Paris Agreement calls for. " This comment comes from the Secretary General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres.
Of particular interest is the section dealing with the oceans, the heat sink and the influence of smoothing on the climate system.
Marine heat waves
Over 90 percent of the excess energy accumulated in the atmosphere goes into the ocean. In 2019, oceanic heat content to a depth of 2 km (1.2 miles) exceeded record records reached in 2018. In 2019, the ocean experienced, on average, almost two months unusually high temperatures. At least 84% of the ocean has experienced at least one marine heat wave.
Ocean warming has widespread impacts on the climate system and contributes to more than 30 percent of sea level rise simply by the thermal expansion of seawater. In 2019, the global average sea level reached its highest value ever recorded.
Associated with ocean acidification and deoxygenation, ocean warming can cause dramatic changes in marine ecosystems.
Oceanacidification
Between 2009 and 2018, the ocean absorbed about 23% of the annual carbon dioxide (CO2),cushion the impacts of climate change but increase the acidity of the oceans.
The change in pH – the measure of the actual acidity of the sea – reduces the ability of marine organisms such as mussels and crustaceans to form shells and corals to grow branches, which affects their lives, their growth and reproduction.
Deoxygenation
Observations and models indicate that oxygen decreases in the open and coastal oceans, including estuaries and semi-enclosed seas.
Deoxygenation alongside global warming and ocean acidification is now seen as a major threat to ocean ecosystems and the well-being of people who depend on them. Coral reefs should drop to 10-30% of the old cover at 1.5 ° C warming and less than 1% at 2 ° C warming.
As if to emphasize this point, the Great Barrier Reef of Australia is currently at risk of another major bleaching because the Coral Sea is unusually warm. However, there are signs of an active season of tropical cyclones in the Coral Sea region. Perversely, although violent, these cyclones agitate the water and mix in the colder water from below, thus saving the coral reefs.
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