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Stem cells can be protected from viruses in the same way as plants and insects

 


Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have discovered an important mechanism previously thought to have disappeared with the evolution of mammals, which helps protect mammalian stem cells from RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and Zika virus. did. Scientists suggest that this could one day be used to develop new antiviral therapies.

When infecting a host, the virus invades cells to replicate. For most mammalian cells, the first line of protection is a protein called interferon. However, stem cells lacked the ability to elicit an interferon response, and there was uncertainty about how they would protect themselves.

In their study, Science Today (July 8), scientists are instructed to analyze genetic material from mouse stem cells and build a protein named antiviral dicer (aviD) that cleaves viral RNA and prevents RNA virus replication. I found that it was included. This form of protection is called RNA interference and is a method that is also used in plant and invertebrate cells.

Caetano Reis e Sousa, author and group leader at Crick’s Institute for Immunobiology, said: Long before the history of mammals, until the evolutionary tree splits. For some reason, all mammalian cells have the innate ability to trigger this process, but it seems to be trusted only by stem cells.

“We hope to learn more about this process and uncover the secrets of the immune system, opening up new possibilities for drug development to harness the body’s natural ability to fight infections.”

In laboratory experiments in which genetically engineered human cells were exposed to SARS-CoV-2, virus-infected stem cells were found to have aviD present in the cells compared to when researchers removed the protein. Is now one-third.

Scientists also found that when mini-cerebral organoids are grown from mouse embryonic stem cells and infected with Zika virus, organoids containing avidD grow faster and produce less viral material than organoids that do not contain this protein. discovered. Similarly, when the organoid was infected with SARS-CoV-2, few stem cells were infected with the aviD organoid.

Enzo Poirier, author and postdoctoral fellow at Crick’s Institute for Immunobiology, said, “The reason why stem cells use this different defense mechanism remains a mystery because the interferon process can cause excessive harm to stem cells. Mammalians, including humans, have evolved to protect these precious cells from this damage. There is still a lot of uncertainty about how these cells are protected from the virus, and further investigation. I’m excited to do it. “

Researchers will continue this study to create a mouse model that can further study the effects and importance of aviD on mammalian stem cells.

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2/ https://www.worldhealth.net/news/stem-cells-can-use-same-method-plants-and-insects-protect-against-viruses/

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