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Pangolin may have evolutionary advantages over coronavirus

 


Pangolin

Manis pentadactyla in China Credit: Sarita Jnawali of NTNC – Central Zoo USA, CC BY 2.0

Similar to smoke detectors sounding alarms, certain genes detect when a virus enters the body and alert intruders, triggering an immune response in most mammals. However, according to a recently published study Immunology frontier, Pangolin — Scale-like anteater-like mammals lack two of these virus-sensing genes. This finding is important because although Pangolins can be carriers of the coronavirus, they appear to be able to tolerate it through other unknown mechanisms. Understanding their evolutionary benefits may point to possible treatment options for coronaviruses in humans.

Researchers focused on pangolins, as exotic animals could infect humans with the virus last year, causing the interspecific jumps necessary for the current COVID-19 pandemic to settle (also bats) Has been identified as a potentially infectious substance). To obtain their results, they analyzed the ginseng genomic sequence and compared it to other mammals, including humans, cats, dogs, and cows.

“Our research shows that Pangolins have survived millions of years of evolution without the type of antiviral protection used in all other mammals,” said the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. The author, Dr. Leopold Eckhart, states: “Further research on pangolin reveals how they can survive , And this may help devise new therapeutic strategies for people with viral infections. “

In humans, coronavirus can cause inflammation Called a cytokine storm, it worsens the results. The authors suggest that drug suppression of gene signaling may be one of the treatment options for severe cases of COVID-19. Eckert warns that such remedies could open the door to secondary infections. “The main challenge is to reduce the response to pathogens while maintaining adequate control of the virus,” he says. Overactivation Eckhart says it can be mitigated “by lowering the intensity or changing the timing of the defense response.”

Research specified The effect of these differences on antiviral responses between pangolins and other mammals has not been investigated. Scientists still do not exactly understand how Pangolins survive the coronavirus. It may have something to do with it. Eckert added that another gene, RIG-I, which also functions as a sensor for the virus, can protect against coronaviruses and therefore needs further study. This study provides a starting point for a better understanding of the properties of coronaviruses, the body’s response, and the best options for treatment.


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For more information:
Immunology frontier, DOI: 10.3389 / fimmu.2020.00939 , www.frontiersin.org/articles/1…immu.2020.00939 / full

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