Efficacy of mRNA vaccine against French alpha and beta mutants-ScienceDaily

Pasteur Institute scientists are working with the French National Health Insurance Fund (CNAM), Ipsos and Santépublique France to assess the efficacy of mRNA vaccines against the symptomatic form of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A case-control study was conducted. Its non-variant virus or alpha and beta variants. The results show that the double dose regimen of the mRNA vaccine provides 88% protection against non-mutant viruses, 86% protection against alpha mutants, and 77% protection against beta mutants. The results of this study are Lancet Regional Health Europe July 14, 2021.

In late 2020, two new variants of SARS-CoV-2 were reported in the United Kingdom and South Africa, respectively. This happened when the UK was experiencing a resurgence in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This was later due to the appearance of an Alpha variant that showed increased transmissibility compared to the original SARS-CoV-2. The beta mutant was first reported in South Africa, later known as E484K, and was confirmed to have a mutation associated with antigenic escape. The first SARS-CoV-2 mutant report occurred when a high-volume COVID-19 vaccination campaign began at the global level. In France, both alpha and beta were prevalent in the first few months of 2021. Therefore, it was important to analyze the efficacy of the messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine against these concerned SARS-CoV-2 mutants.

In October 2020, Institut Pasteur collaborates with the French National Health Insurance Fund (CNAM), Ipsos and Santépublique France to analyze relevant socio-demographic, behavioral and practical factors at the national level. We have started ComCor research, which is a control research. Accompanied by SARS-CoV-2 infection. All individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 were invited to participate in a study by CNAM, but uninfected controls were identified through a representative panel of Ipsos.The first results of the study were published in Lancet community health June 7, 2021.

In February 2021, scientists adopted the ComCor questionnaire to add information about COVID-19 vaccination, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and mutations that cause infection as part of the test results. Did. This information was used to assess the efficacy of the two-dose mRNA vaccine against alpha and beta mutants and to assess the protection provided by previous SARS-CoV-2 infections.

The study included 7,288 people infected with the original strain, 31,313 people infected with the alpha mutant, 2,550 people infected with the beta mutant, and 3,644 non-infected controls between February and May 2021. I did. The dose of mRNA vaccine was 88% (81-92) effective against infection with the original virus, 86% (81-90) effective against infection with alpha mutant, and infection with beta mutant. It brought about 77% (71-90) effectiveness against. Measured 7 days after the second dose. There were no differences in vaccine efficacy between different categories of age, gender, or occupational exposure.

“There were many expectations for the (vaccine efficacy) results of the beta mutant known for the E484K mutation associated with antigenic escape. An estimate of 77% protection was found in the only other study in the world. It is very close to 75% of the estimates reached. We evaluated the efficacy of the mRNA vaccine against this mutant. These analyzes helped them to achieve the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine and to tackle the epidemic. It identifies an important role that must be played, “explains Arnaud Fontanet, Director of Epidemiology at the Emerging Diseases Unit. Professor at the Pasteur Institute and the National Conservatory of Arts and Metiers (CNAM).

Another important finding in previous studies related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Scientists have demonstrated that recent infections (last 2-6 months) provide the same protection as observed with mRNA vaccines.

The analysis will be extended to estimate vaccine efficacy against the delta mutant, the predominant mutant in France since early July 2021.

The ComCor project is funded by REACTing, the French Foundation through the “All United Against Coronavirus” alliance, and the Pasteur Institute. Recently, I was awarded the CAPNET “National Research Priority” label.

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