Health
What complications do diabetics have and how do they avoid them?
Diabetes, a chronic health disorder, is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels along with other metabolic disorders. Dr. Rajiv Gupta, Department of Internal Medicine, CK Billla Hospital, Delhi, explains that patients have complications of hyperglycemia if the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin or if the insulin action on cells is disabled. ..
“These complications include vascular and nerve infections. Symptoms of hyperglycemia include pollakiuria, malaise, weight loss, increased appetite, recurrent infections, and diabetes such as heart attacks. It is a complication of. stroke Or renal failure, “he says.
According to doctors, diabetes can be divided into three types:
Type 1: The main defect is the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin, so regular diabetes treatment is essential to sustain life and prevent complications. This generally affects children and young adults, but it can occur at any age. Damage to cells or the pancreas can be genetic or acquired at viral levels or by the body’s autoimmune response.
“Type 1 diabetes requires strict lifestyle changes and dietary adoption to manage this condition. Unlike other conditions, personal participation and medical and social support are paramount. “Dr. Gupta adds.
Patients with type 1 diabetes should do the following:
– Consistently monitor and control blood sugar, cholesterol and blood pressure.
– Follow your doctor’s advice to control your blood sugar with insulin injections.
– Rest and relaxation to reduce stress.
– Stay active during exercise.
– Choose healthy foods.
– Manage stress to postpone or avoid diabetic complications. Talk to your doctor to understand how to recognize and manage complications such as kidney disease, eye disease, and cardiovascular complications.
– Regular urinalysis of albumin (ACR), fundus examination of retinopathy, and lipid assessment associated with strict blood pressure control.
Dr. Gupta states that type 2 diabetes is a more common type and is primarily characterized by ineffective insulin action (insulin resistance) and various defects in insulin secretion. “In general, these patients are adults who live obese or sedentary. Dealing with diabetic complications requires effective management to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Patients with type 1 diabetes need to consistently monitor and control their blood glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure. (Photo: Aliexpress)
“Patients need to pay attention to glycemic control, blood pressure, cholesterol, avoid smoking, reduce alcohol consumption, control weight, and exercise regularly to reduce the risk of heart disease,” he explains. To do.
People with type 2 diabetes must be aware of the signs Imminent stroke — Numbness or weakness in the limbs, unclear speech, headache, dizziness, etc. Early detection of renal disease requires regular urinary albumin and renal function tests.
Gestational diabetes
This is the third type and is mainly diagnosed in pregnant women who are not diabetic before pregnancy. Generally, a glucose tolerance test at the 27th week of pregnancy is routinely done to detect this condition.
“Once diagnosed, the risk to the foetation also increases, so pregnancy should be carefully monitored. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes should exercise regularly and ensure proper diet and insulin doses as recommended by their doctor. After giving birth, gestational diabetes usually goes away. Obese mothers need to follow up on future developments of diabetes, “the doctor concludes.
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