Beware of false negatives with the COVID-19 diagnostic test

One of the most commonly used diagnostic tools, especially during this outbreak, is the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test (RT-PCR). It uses a respiratory sample of a person to detect viral particles and determine if the person has been exposed to the virus.

Laboratory experts in the United States and around the world are using RT-PCR to determine if they are infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. These tests have played an important role in Japan’s response to pandemics. But while these are important, Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered that false-negative results can occur. Virus It is not detected in people who are actually infected or recently infected. Over a fifth, and sometimes much higher. Researchers have found that the predictive value of these tests does not always yield accurate results, and test There seems to be a big problem with accuracy.

Report on findings published May 13th in journal Internal medicine annual reportThe researchers found that the probability of false-negative results was reduced from 100% on the first day of infection to 67% on the fourth day. The false negative rate decreased to 20% on day 8 (3 days after a person experienced symptoms). . They also found that the average false-negative rate on the day a person actually started experiencing symptoms of the disease was 38%. In addition, the false negative rate began to increase again from 21% on day 9 to 66% on day 21.

This study, which analyzed seven previously published studies on RT-PCR performance, identified negative test results for individuals who were particularly likely to be exposed or had symptoms consistent with COVID-19. Indicates that the interpretation should be careful.

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Coronavirus tests are pretty accurate, but far from perfect

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For more information:
Change of false negative rate of SARS-CoV-2 test based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with time after exposure Internal medicine annual report (2020). DOI: 10.7326 / M20-1495

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Caution about false negatives in the COVID-19 diagnostic test (May 27, 2020)
May 27, 2020
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