Health
Origin of SARS-CoV-2 virus suitable for jumping from animal to human
A team of scientists studying the origin of the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, gained the ability to infect human cells, thus jumping from animal to human by transforming Found to be particularly suitable for.
Using genetic analysis, researchers at Duke University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of Texas at El Paso, and New York University confirmed that the closest relative to the virus was the coronavirus that infects bats.
However, the ability of the virus to infect humans was obtained by exchanging an important gene fragment of the coronavirus that infects scaly mammals called pangolins, allowing the virus to infect humans.
Researchers report that this jump from species to species was the result of the virus’ ability to bind to host cells through alterations in its genetic material. By analogy, it’s as if the virus reconstructed a key that allowed the door of the host cell (in this case, a human cell) to be unlocked. For SARS-CoV-2, the “key” is the spike protein on the surface of the virus. Coronavirus This protein is used to attach and infect cells.
Very similar to the original SARS that jumped from bats to musk cats, or the MERS that migrated from bats to dromedaries and even humans, this pandemic coronavirus ancestor could eventually infect humans. Has undergone an evolutionary change in genetic material. ”
Feng Gao, M.D, and Medical Professor of Infectious Diseases at Duke University School of Medicine
Gao is also the corresponding author of the survey published online May 29 in the journal. Scientific progress..
Gao et al. Said that tracing the evolutionary path of the virus could block future pandemics caused by the virus and could guide vaccine research.
The researchers found that the typical pangolin coronavirus, unlike SARS-CoV-2, did not directly cause a human pandemic.
However, they contain a receptor binding site, part of the spike protein required to bind to the cell membrane, which is important for human infection. This binding site makes it possible to attach to cell surface proteins which are abundant in, among other things, human respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells, endothelial cells and kidney cells.
The ancestor of the bat virus is the coronavirus, which is most closely related to SARS-CoV-2, but its binding sites are so different that it alone cannot efficiently infect human cells.
SARS-CoV-2 is a hybrid of bat and pangolin virus that appears to have acquired the “important” receptor binding site necessary for human infection.
“In the viral region, there is a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity among the various coronaviruses that infect humans, bats, and pangolins, and these viruses are under similar host selection and are progenitors of SARS-CoV-2. It can easily jump from these animals to humans. “
“People have already seen sequences of coronaviruses sampled from Pangolins discussed in our paper, but the scientific community is still divided on whether they play a role in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Said the co-author, said Elena Giorgi, a staff scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
“Our study shows that SARS-CoV-2 has a rich evolutionary history, including that the genetic material between bats and pangolin coronaviruses is transposed before gaining the ability to jump into humans.” Was demonstrated, “said Giorgi.
Source:
See journal:
Lee, X. , other.. (2020) The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 by recombination and strong purification selection. Scientific progress. doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb9153..
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