Health
New variant, slightly more effective COVID-19 vaccination for children
COVID-19 (new coronavirus infection) Delta, Omicron, and “DeltacronSubvariants have proven particularly good at causing breakthrough infections in fully vaccinated individuals. However, vaccines still provide permanent protection against serious illness, hospitalization, and death.
The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was approved for children months after adults were eligible for COVID-19 vaccination. In combination with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), researchers at the University of Arizona School of Health Sciences are investigating how effective COVID-19 vaccination can be in preventing infections and serious illnesses in children and adolescents. did.
the study, Release CDC Weekly morbidity and mortality reports ((((MMWR), July 25, 2021 to February 12, 2022, during which time Delta and then Omicron were the major COVID-19 mutants.
Real-world data was collected from the CDC PROTECT study, which tested participants aged 6 months to 17 years each week in Arizona, Texas, Florida, and Utah. Legal guardians provided information on participants’ health, demographics, vaccination history, and history of previous COVID-19 infections. Infants, children, and adolescents submitted weekly surveys and nasal swabs for PCR testing and genomic sequencing.
The study cohort included 1364 participants, of which 77% (n = 1052) were children aged 5 to 11 years and 23% (n = 312) were adolescents aged 12 to 15 years. Overall, 76% of participants were from Arizona, 52% were female, 75% were Caucasian, 34% were Hispanic, and 10% had one or more chronic medical conditions.
Participants who received one or more Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines (the only vaccine approved for children and adolescents) reported wearing masks during 84% of class hours and 70% of community hours. Unvaccinated children and adolescents reported marks of 60% of class time and 48% of community time. More COVID-19 cases occurred in participants who did not wear much masks.
A total of 381 COVID-19 infections were recorded in children aged 5 to 11 years and 127 in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years. 93% (n = 352) of childhood infections and 76% (n = 97) of adolescent infections were omicrons.
Of children aged 5 to 11 years, 65% (n = 682) received two vaccinations, 7% (n = 69) received one vaccination, and 29% (n = 301) were unvaccinated. It was an inoculation. Of the adolescents aged 12 to 15 years, 68% (n = 212) were vaccinated twice, 5% (n = 15) were vaccinated once, and 27% (n = 85) were vaccinated. It was not inoculated.
There were 186 breakthrough infections among vaccinated participants, 37.6% of whom were asymptomatic. Of the 252 COVID-19 infections in unvaccinated participants, 44% (n = 112) were asymptomatic. Unvaccinated participants were more likely to be asymptomatic in Omicron (49%) than in Delta (60%). Overall, 51% of Omicron infections were asymptomatic and 34% of Delta infections were asymptomatic.
Two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine reduced the risk of Omicron infection by 31% in children aged 5 to 11 years and by 59% in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years. This was a significant reduction from the Delta period, when protection against adolescent infections was 87% (children had not yet been vaccinated).
The authors of the study concluded that two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine were effective in preventing symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in participants aged 5 to 15 years. Vaccine efficacy was highest against Delta in the adolescent cohort (12-15 years) and lowest against Omicron in child participants (5-11 years).
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