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CAR T-Cell Therapy: Benefits, Risks, Prospects

CAR T-Cell Therapy: Benefits, Risks, Prospects

 


Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, or CAR-T therapyIs a treatment that helps T cells fight certain types of cancer.

Your T cells are part of you Immune system Helps recognize and kill foreign cells. CAR-T therapy gives T cells the right receptors to bind to cancer cells, which can be destroyed by the immune system.

Currently, CAR-T therapy is used only for hematological malignancies, but much research is being done to expand its use. Read on to learn more about how this treatment works, its benefits and risks, and the prospects for CAR-T therapy.

T cells are cells of the immune system. They bind to proteins on the surface of cells that your body does not recognize. This is also called a foreign cell. Some T cells destroy these cells themselves, while others signal the rest of the immune system to destroy these foreign cells.

Each type of T cell binds to only one type of protein. Therefore, in order for the immune system to fight cancer cells, it needs T cells with specific receptors. These receptors allow them to bind to specific cancer cell proteins. The process of making those cells to fight cancer is called CAR-T therapy.

The following steps are required to create T cells that fight these cancers.

  1. T cells are collected from your blood.
  2. The T cells are then transported to the laboratory where the genes are modified to produce so-called chimeric antigen receptors that are specific to the type of cancer. These T cells are now able to bind to cancer cells.
  3. After the lab has grown a lot of these new T cells, they are injected into your bloodstream.
  4. You may also get a low dose chemical treatment Before your infusion to reduce the number of other immune cells you have and allow T cells to function better.according to 2021 studyT cell doses are carefully balanced to be as therapeutic as possible while limiting toxicity.
  5. After injection, CAR T cells bind to cancer cells and destroy them. This will happen soon, Evidence for 2022 CAR T cells suggest that they may continue to destroy cancer cells for several months after injection.

CAR-T therapy is not approved as a first-line treatment for any type of cancer. This means that you should try at least two ineffective treatments (depending on the type of cancer) before trying CAR-T therapy.

Currently, it is only approved for blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma.

The main advantage of CAR-T therapy is that it can treat people whose blood cancer has not responded to other types of treatment. CAR-T therapy is often considered a last resort, but it is often effective.

While CAR-T therapy has many benefits, it also has the following potential risks:

  • Treatment does not work. Few treatments work with a 100% chance. CAR-T therapy may not kill all cancer cells. It is also often used as a last resort, so if CAR-T therapy does not work, you may not have another option.
  • recurrence. Even if the treatment works first, your cancer may recur. This is not always predictable, as how likely this is to depend on your overall health and the type of cancer you have.But 2020 research It suggests that certain types of cancer, such as large B-cell lymphoma, appear to be more likely to relapse after CAR-T therapy.
  • Side effects. CAR-T therapy also has many potential side effects, some of which are serious.
  • Lack of data. The first CAR-T therapy was approved in 2017. This means that data on the long-term effects of treatment, including overall efficacy, are still limited.

The side effects of CAR-T therapy can be severe, but treatment usually improves them.

Contact your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms, especially if they become more severe over time.

Many of these are mild symptoms Cytokine release syndromeAlso known as CRS or Cytokine Storm. This is a common side effect of CAR-T therapy. This occurs when CAR T cells proliferate in the body and the body overproduces cytokines. Not only do these chemicals help T cells function, they also cause severe symptoms like the flu.

The side effects of severe cytokine release syndrome are:

A condition called immunoeffector cell-related neurotoxic syndrome (ICANS) is also a potential serious side effect of CAR-T therapy.

Symptoms are:

Well-developed guidelines and protocols exist to diagnose and manage both CRS and ICANS.according to 2019 ReviewManagement uses a combination of steroids and medications such as tocilizumab (Actemra). Despite proper management, some cases can still be life-threatening or fatal.

Other potential serious side effects of CAR-T therapy include: Anaphylaxis The number of blood cells is very low.

2020 review It suggests that “turning off” CAR T cells after killing cancer cells can reduce these serious side effects. Although this research is in its infancy, there are some promising ways to turn off the CART cell.

CAR-T therapy can be very expensive. The main cost of treatment is the medicine itself.

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) For the treatment of large B-cell lymphoma.according to 2018 study, The cost of this treatment is $ 373,000. Another CAR-T drug, Tisagenlecleuculoisel (Kimria), costs $ 475,000.

These numbers do not include other treatment-related costs such as doctor appointments, tests, prescriptions, etc. In addition, the cost depends on how long your treatment course needs to be.

If your treatment has been shown to be clinically appropriate for you and your doctor prescribes an FDA-approved drug, your treatment may be covered by insurance. Most private insurance companies cover CAR-T to some extent, but the amount covered may vary.

From October 1, 2019, the Medicare and Medicaid Service Center (CMS) will be available on CAR-T. Target of Medicare.. The amount covered by Medicare depends on whether you meet the deductible amount and other individual factors. Some Medicaid programs also cover CAR-T.

CAR-T therapy can be a very successful and long-term treatment for people with blood cancer who have not responded to other treatments.

Treatment can be physically difficult and requires hospitalization for at least 2 weeks. However, many people who received CAR-T cell therapy added months or years to their lives.

CAR-T is currently approved only for blood cancers, but much research is being done on its use in other cancers. Research is also underway to make this treatment safer and more effective, and the future of this treatment looks very promising.

Sources

1/ https://Google.com/

2/ https://www.healthline.com/health/car-t-cell-therapy

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