Connect with us

Health

SARS-CoV-2 mimics the inflammatory proteins of our body

SARS-CoV-2 mimics the inflammatory proteins of our body

 


This is part of a series of stories about inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The other articles in the series are: Lectin, Covid-19 and brain injury, Monocyte Covid-19 infectionWhen Long Covid.. They can also be found on my website, www.williamhaseltine.com/..

One of the paradoxes of SARS-CoV-2 is that it suppresses interferon in the innate immune system, but can ignore and exacerbate the inflammatory response, which is the most violent form of defense of the innate immune system. .. Inflammation is one of the most serious consequences of viral infection and is characteristic of severe SARS-CoV-2. If SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation remain unchecked, they lead to long-term consequences as well as serious immediate consequences.

Currently, recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 activation of the inflammatory response is an active process rather than a passive process.Two studies published in iScience When mBio SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to actively produce a protein called ORF8 that mimics interleukin-17, one of the most potent inflammatory responses.

< position="inread" progressive="" ad-id="article-0-inread" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"/>

Interleukin-17 is a family of proteins produced by T-helper immune cells. They are one of the major molecules whose mission is to trigger an inflammatory response in the body. The interaction of the interleukin-17 protein with the corresponding interleukin-17 receptor on the cell membrane induces a series of intracellular reactions. This series of reactions leads to the activation of the transcription factor NFkB. NFkB induces several cell defenses, including inflammation.

Clinical data show that patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 show high levels of inflammation, causing acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. Antibodies targeting interleukin-6 are commonly used to suppress inflammation, but they do not appear to have the same effect in patients with SARS-CoV-2.

The remaining question was how SARS-CoV-2 causes inflammation and what treatments can be used to reduce it.

Rin et al. We hypothesized that inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 patients may be caused by interleukin-17 rather than interleukin-6. To test their hypothesis, researchers examined three different SARS-CoV-2 proteins, NSP2, ORF7a, and ORF8, and tested their interaction with the interleukin-17 receptor. Surprisingly, only ORF8 showed an interaction with the interleukin-17 receptor. These results have been confirmed by in vitro experiments and are consistent with clinical data. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, which contains a mutated ORF8 protein, showed lower levels of inflammation.

This revealed that ORF8 interacted with the interleukin-17 receptor, but it was unclear whether ORF8 caused inflammation directly or promoted inflammation by increasing the expression of interleukin-17. .. To test this, Lin etc. Manipulated cells that do not contain interleukin-17. The cells were then exposed to ORF8. Researchers have found that the inflammatory pathway is triggered without interleukin-17. This suggests that ORF8 may mimic interleukin-17 and interact with its receptor to directly elicit an inflammatory response.

Rin et al. We have successfully demonstrated that the interaction between ORF8 and the interleukin-17 receptor causes inflammation, but how can we prevent these interactions? Researchers began by testing interleukin-17 receptor antibody therapy. By using antibody therapy, researchers believed that the antibody blocked the interleukin-17 receptor and that the ORF8 protein could not bind to the receptor.

To test this theory, Lin et al. We manipulated a pseudovirus that expresses the ORF8 protein. Next, the mice were genetically modified so that they did not contain interleukin-17. Rin et al. Interleukin 17-deficient mice were infected with the pseudovirus and the inflammation levels of mice treated with the receptor antibody and those left untreated were compared. Inflammation occurred in both treated and untreated mice, but treated mice showed much lower levels of inflammation than untreated mice. This shows that interleukin-17 antibody is an effective treatment for reducing SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation.

so Second, the related story, Scientists at the Learner Institute have found similar results. Wu et al when analyzing the interaction between ORF8 and the interleukin-17 receptor. Found that inflammation is a direct result of these interactions.

However, a mysterious aspect of the ORF8 / interleukin-17 receptor interaction is that ORF8 and interleukin-17 are structurally less similar. So how effective is ORF8 in actually mimicking the effects of interleukin-17?

Blood cells containing the Wu et al. Interleukin-17 receptor were isolated and each sample was treated with ORF8 or interleukin-17 protein. After these treatments, researchers analyzed the RNA of each blood cell sample to determine how gene expression differed between the samples. These results show how well ORF8 can mimic the effects of interleukin-17 in cells.

Interestingly, they found that among the upregulated genes, 81.7% of the genes were shared between the two sample groups. Among the downregulated genes, 64% of the genes were similar between the two groups. These results highly mimic interleukin-17 by initiating similar inflammatory pathways, while there are still some differences between the pathways activated via the interleukin-17 receptor. I confirmed that there is.

To further investigate the relationship between ORF8 and the interleukin-17 receptor, Wuetal. We investigated the interactions between three common ORF8 mutants and the interleukin-17 receptor. Through these experiments, researchers found that mutants of ORF8 show a reduced ability to bind to the interleukin-17 receptor. Given that ORF8 is one of the most frequently mutated proteins of SARS-CoV-2, these interactions can cause some variants to cause more or less severe SARS-CoV-2 symptoms. May provide an explanation for why it is high.

Both of these studies represent real progress in understanding the inflammation that occurs in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 and may significantly reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It reveals potential treatments for inflammation. It remains a mystery as to why the coronavirus has developed a protein that can elicit an inflammatory response. However, these papers show that interleukin-17 protein mimetics and their ability to bind to the interleukin-17 receptor are more lethal for some variants of SARS-CoV-2 than for others. It reveals that it can be the key to why it is targeted.

Sources

1/ https://Google.com/

2/ https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2022/04/25/sars-cov-2-mimics-inflammatory-proteins-in-our-body/

The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article

What Are The Main Benefits Of Comparing Car Insurance Quotes Online

LOS ANGELES, CA / ACCESSWIRE / June 24, 2020, / Compare-autoinsurance.Org has launched a new blog post that presents the main benefits of comparing multiple car insurance quotes. For more info and free online quotes, please visit https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/the-advantages-of-comparing-prices-with-car-insurance-quotes-online/ The modern society has numerous technological advantages. One important advantage is the speed at which information is sent and received. With the help of the internet, the shopping habits of many persons have drastically changed. The car insurance industry hasn't remained untouched by these changes. On the internet, drivers can compare insurance prices and find out which sellers have the best offers. View photos The advantages of comparing online car insurance quotes are the following: Online quotes can be obtained from anywhere and at any time. Unlike physical insurance agencies, websites don't have a specific schedule and they are available at any time. Drivers that have busy working schedules, can compare quotes from anywhere and at any time, even at midnight. Multiple choices. Almost all insurance providers, no matter if they are well-known brands or just local insurers, have an online presence. Online quotes will allow policyholders the chance to discover multiple insurance companies and check their prices. Drivers are no longer required to get quotes from just a few known insurance companies. Also, local and regional insurers can provide lower insurance rates for the same services. Accurate insurance estimates. Online quotes can only be accurate if the customers provide accurate and real info about their car models and driving history. Lying about past driving incidents can make the price estimates to be lower, but when dealing with an insurance company lying to them is useless. Usually, insurance companies will do research about a potential customer before granting him coverage. Online quotes can be sorted easily. Although drivers are recommended to not choose a policy just based on its price, drivers can easily sort quotes by insurance price. Using brokerage websites will allow drivers to get quotes from multiple insurers, thus making the comparison faster and easier. For additional info, money-saving tips, and free car insurance quotes, visit https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/ Compare-autoinsurance.Org is an online provider of life, home, health, and auto insurance quotes. This website is unique because it does not simply stick to one kind of insurance provider, but brings the clients the best deals from many different online insurance carriers. In this way, clients have access to offers from multiple carriers all in one place: this website. On this site, customers have access to quotes for insurance plans from various agencies, such as local or nationwide agencies, brand names insurance companies, etc. "Online quotes can easily help drivers obtain better car insurance deals. All they have to do is to complete an online form with accurate and real info, then compare prices", said Russell Rabichev, Marketing Director of Internet Marketing Company. CONTACT: Company Name: Internet Marketing CompanyPerson for contact Name: Gurgu CPhone Number: (818) 359-3898Email: [email protected]: https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/ SOURCE: Compare-autoinsurance.Org View source version on accesswire.Com:https://www.Accesswire.Com/595055/What-Are-The-Main-Benefits-Of-Comparing-Car-Insurance-Quotes-Online View photos

ExBUlletin

to request, modification Contact us at Here or [email protected]