Health
Asthma drugs block proteins important for coronavirus replication: IISc study
Widely available drugs used to treat asthma and allergies can also block proteins that are key to SARS-CoV-2 replication. COVID-19, Discovered in a study by researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc). This study was published in the journal eLife.
medicine: According to the National Library of Medicine, the drug Montercast is an oral remedy given to prevent wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, and cough due to asthma, and is also used to prevent dyspnea during exercise. ..
“Montelukast is prescribed by doctors in India and is readily available in pharmacies under various brand names as tablets and syrups (for children),” said Tanweer Hussain, senior author of the study, IISc assistant professor. increase. India Express..
In fact, some clinicians used Montelukast to treat Covid-19 patients because of their known role in facilitating breathing in asthmatics, Hussein said. “But it wasn’t known that this drug also had antiviral activity. This was revealed in this study.”
Antiviral activity: When it infects human cells, coronavirus It releases a protein called Nsp1. This is the key to that duplication. Viral proteins bind to a host cell’s protein-producing mechanism called the ribosome. “If the ribosome is blocked, the host cell cannot synthesize the proteins needed to fight the viral infection, which helps establish the viral infection,” Hussein said.
Therefore, targeting Nsp1 can reduce the damage caused by the virus. Researchers at IISc also found that montelukast binds strongly to Nsp1 and blocks access to the ribosome.
Of course, other viral proteins may still bind to other parts of the host cell. “But blocking the virus’s Nsp1 allows host cells to synthesize immune effector proteins to fight viral infections,” Hussain said.
Hussein also said that the mutation rate of Nsp1 is very low compared to other viral proteins, so it is likely that Nsp1 will remain almost unchanged in emerging viral variants. Therefore, drugs targeting this area are expected to act on all such variants.
How the drug was identified: Researchers first used computational modeling to screen over 1,600 drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). “The new molecule has to complete all phase trials before it can be prescribed to patients, and it can take months or years to complete. Therefore, we searched for candidates among USFDA-approved drugs.” Hussein said.
The researchers nominated 12 drugs that bind to Nsp1 and focused on montelukast and the anti-HIV drug saquinavir. Next, laboratory studies of cultured human cells showed that only montelukast was able to save the inhibition of Nsp1 in protein synthesis.
study: “Drugs targeting the Nsp1-ribosome complex show antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2,” Mohammad Afsar et al, eLife. https://elifesciences.org/articles/74877
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