Health
Discover new molecules that show potential as antidotes for carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas produced when fossil fuels burn incompletely. It’s also a silent killer.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than 400 deaths and 20,000 visits to emergency rooms each year may be due to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Although exposure can be prevented by ensuring that carbon monoxide detectors, fireplaces and heaters work properly, treatment options are limited for those suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning.
That’s why Tim Johnstone, an assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, Santa Cruz, has been working on developing an easy-to-administer antidote.
If exposed to carbon monoxide, the current main treatment is fresh air. It’s only a matter of time. With fresh air, it takes 4-6 hours for the CO level in the blood to halve. With 100% oxygen or high pressure oxygen, the half-life is even shorter. Nevertheless, high blood levels of CO can last long enough to cause long-term deficits and neurological problems. “
Tim Johnstone, Associate Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz
Johnstone has been studying the chemistry of carbon monoxide, which is a triple bond of one oxygen atom and one carbon atom. In the biological context, CO binds to the iron-like metal center of hemoglobin. This causes the protein to stop functioning normally, transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body’s tissues.
To alleviate this, Johnstone designed a small molecule that has many characteristics of the active site of hemoglobin, but can bind to CO much stronger than proteins.In a recent paper published in Chemical Communications, His group described the ability of one such molecule to bind to CO, sequester CO already bound to hemoglobin, and rescue red blood cells exposed to CO. All of these are promising signs of future antidotes.
John Stone states that these are early results, but it is hoped that they will create a point-of-care treatment that can be administered rapidly. The most common symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are headache, dizziness, weakness, upset stomach, vomiting, chest pain and confusion. Because it mimics the flu, people can go unnoticed and experience symptoms and delay seeking treatment.
Graduate student Daniel Droege is the central figure in this project and the lead author of this paper.
In addition to carbon monoxide poisoning research, John Stones Lab is researching antimony-containing drugs used in the treatment of neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis, developing new arsenic-based anticancer agents, and new maingroup binding motifs. We are also working on the discovery of. His work is supported by the Hermann Foundation, the National Science Foundation, and the University of California, Cancer Research Coordinating Committee.
Source:
Journal reference:
Droege, DG, et al. (2022) A water-soluble iron-porphyrin complex that can save CO-poisoned red blood cells. Chemical Communications. doi.org/10.1039/D1CC05542A..
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