Health
Scientists grow “model” human embryos from stem cells
Scientists have developed a “blueprint” of human embryos using human stem cells as a breakthrough that could provide essential insights into the early stages of infant development, a new study Indicated June 11, 2020
AFP
The team behind the study published in Nature said their model resembles an embryo between days 18 and 21 at about the same time that gastrulation occurs.
Scientists have developed “blueprints” of human embryos using human stem cells as a breakthrough that may provide essential insights into the early stages of infant development.
A team at the University of Cambridge and the Dutch-based Habrecht Institute said their model allows them to observe unprecedented processes underlying the formation of the human body.
The human layout-known as the body plan-occurs through a process called gastrulation. This process results in the formation of three distinct cell layers in the embryo, followed by three major systems: nerves, musculoskeletal, and digestive organs.
Gastrulation is known as the “black box” period of human development, as legal regulations prevent scientists from developing embryos in the lab for more than 14 days.
The team behind the study published in Nature said their model resembled an embryo between 18 and 21 days at about the same time that gastrulation occurred.
Many birth defects occur during this period, and a better understanding of gastrulation may help understand problems such as infertility, miscarriage, and genetic disorders, the researchers said.
“Our model produces a portion of a human blueprint,” said Alfonso Martinez Arias, lead author of the Cambridge Department of Genetics.
“It’s exciting to witness the developmental processes that have been hidden so far and from research.”
To create a three-dimensional model known as a gastroid, the team collected a solid bundle of human cells and treated them with chemicals that act as signals that activate certain genes.
This is the first time that human stem cells have been used to create a 3D model of human embryos after several experiments with mouse and zebrafish stem cells.
Scientists emphasized that gastroids never grow into fully formed embryos because they lack brain cells and lack the tissues to be implanted in the uterus.
Nevertheless, we observed about 72 hours of model development and were able to identify clear signs of events leading to muscle, bone and cartilage formation.
Jeremy Green, a professor of developmental biology at King’s College London, said the study was a “great window” into the early formation of the human body.
“(It) underscores the amazing power of self-assembly of cells and tissues given the right conditions,” added Green, who was not involved in the study.
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