Xenograft patients who died received a heart infected with pig virus

The version used in Maryland is 10 genetic modifications Developed by Revivicor, a subsidiary of United Therapeutics.

Continue A promising test of such pig organs in baboons, Three US transplant teams began their first human studies in late 2021. Surgeons at New York University and the University of Alabama each attached pig kidneys to the brain dead, but when Griffith sewed the pig’s heart, the University of Maryland went one step further to Bennett’s chest in early January.

I was worried about infecting humans with the pig virus. Xenotransplantation can cause a pandemic as the virus adapts to the patient’s body and spreads to doctors and nurses. This concern can be so severe that it requires lifelong monitoring of the patient.

However, certain types of viruses found in Bennett’s donor heart are not believed to be able to infect human cells, said Jay Fishman, a transplant infection expert at Massachusetts General Hospital. I am. Fishman believes that there is “no real risk to humans” for it to spread further.

Instead, the problem is that porcine cytomegalovirus is associated with reactions that can damage organs and patients, with catastrophic consequences.For example, two years ago German researcher Pig hearts transplanted into baboons reported that the virus lasted only a few weeks in the presence of the virus, while uninfected organs were able to survive for more than half a year.

The researchers said they found “surprisingly high” viral levels in the hearts of pigs removed from baboons. They believe that not only was the baboon’s immune system suppressed by drugs, but the virus could run away because the pig’s immune system no longer existed to control the virus. “It seems very likely that the same thing will happen to humans,” they warned at the time.

University of Maryland School of Medicine.

Joachim Denner of the Institute of Virology at the Free University of Berlin, who led the study, says the solution to the problem is a more accurate test. The US team seems to have tested the pig’s nose for the virus, but often lurks deep in the tissue.

“This is a latent virus that is difficult to detect,” says Denner. “But if you test the animals better, that won’t happen. The virus is detected and can be easily removed from the pig population, but unfortunately they do not use a good assay and detect the virus. I didn’t. That was the reason. The donor pig was infected and the virus was infected by transplantation. “

Denner says he still thinks the experiment was a “great success.” For example, the first human-to-human heart transplant in 1967 lasted only 18 days, and two years later, one in Germany could endure only 27 hours.

Denner says Bennett’s death cannot be blamed on the virus alone. “This patient was very, very, very ill. Remember that,” he says. “The virus may have contributed, but that wasn’t the only reason.”

cause of death??

Bennett’s cause of death is important. Because if his heart fails as a result of immune rejection, the researcher may need to return to the drawing board. Instead, companies like United Therapeutics and eGenesis, or scholars working with them, are expected to begin clinical trials of porcine organs within a year or two.

Bennett was donated a pig heart after Griffith applied to the US Food and Drug Administration for special permission to test animal organs with a one-time transplant. He was considered a good candidate for a heroic attempt because he was ineligible for a rare human heart for transplantation because he was nearing death from heart failure and had a history of ignoring medical advice. ..

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