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“Human Cell Atlas” Maps 1 Million Cell Types in 33 Organs-Consumer Health News
Thursday, May 12, 2022 (HealthDay News)-International research efforts have revealed the broadest reference map to date for individual cells of the human body. This is knowledge that can revolutionize the study of health and illness.
Researchers announced this week that the giant Human Cell Atlas contains a detailed map of more than one million individual cells across 33 organs and systems.
“You can think of this as a Google map of the human body,” said Sarah Teichmann, director of the Department of Cytogenetics at the Welcome Sanger Institute in the United Kingdom and co-chair of the Human Cell Atlas Organizing Committee. “What we are aiming for is actually a street map view of the individual cells and where they are in the tissue.”
According to a series of papers published in the journal on May 13, the latest addition to the Atlas includes mapping of approximately 500,000 cells from 24 human tissues and organs, including lung, skin, heart, and blood. included. Chemistry..
“These four papers are milestone points for creating a full-draft human cell atlas,” said Meagan Phelan, a spokeswoman for the American Society for the Promotion of Science.
The HumanCellAtlas project Is an open, scientist-led consortium with more than 2,300 members from 83 countries around the world.
Effort is Human Genome ProjectStephen Quake, president of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Network and professor of biotechnology and applied physics at Stanford University, says he has been working on mapping the entire human genetic structure.
“People often think of the genome as a blueprint for living things, but that’s not really true,” Quake said. “The genome is a more parts list. All cell types use different sets of parts, and what we could do collectively here is genome Used to define different cell types. “
Guidance on new treatments
Atlas aims to support future medical research by helping scientists understand the exact cells affected by the disease and the drugs used to treat them. ..
For example, researchers say that immune cells Epithelial cells — It plays a distinct role in different parts of the body, and there are subtle differences specific to organs depending on the cell type.
Surprisingly, researchers found that there are far more “housekeeping genes” throughout the body than previously thought to process basic functions in much the same way in all cells. I discovered that it may play the role of.
In addition, an immune protein called CD47 The researchers said that the shape of each cell seems to be very different. Since CD47 is involved in both cancer and the accumulation of dangerous plaques in the arterial wall, this finding may lead to the development of more effective and less side-effect drugs.
Abibregev, Co-Chair and Principal Investigator of the Human Cell Atlas Organizing Committee, said: Early development at Genentech. “This will enable us to develop more accurate diagnoses and new treatments for patients.”
Two of the new papers also provide a new understanding of the human immune system.
To date, the immune system has been primarily observed through the role of immune cells that circulate in the blood. However, researchers have found that immune cells in tissues and organs are also important for maintaining good health.
Researchers analyze immune cells across 16 tissues from 12 individual adult organ donors and reveal the relationship between immune cells in one tissue and the corresponding immune cells in another. I created an atlas.
Immune cell surprises revealed
“We have discovered several families of immune cells, such as: MacrophagesHave common characteristics throughout the tissue, but other cells, such as memory T cells, have different flavors depending on the tissue in which they are located, “says Teichmann. To target cells — for example, to treat cancer. Therefore, as a whole, insights influence therapies and vaccine designs that enhance or suppress the immune response to combat the disease. “
In another paper, Regev states that machine learning algorithms are used to correlate specific cells identified in the atlas with 6,000 monogenic diseases and 2,000 complex genetic diseases and traits.
Through this effort, cell types other than muscle have been discovered. Muscular dystrophyLegef not only said Atrial fibrillation Genes that are also used in skeletal muscle, esophagus, and prostate cells.
“Now we can devise ways to target the cells we want to affect more specifically, but we can’t target other cells that use these genes in the body,” Regev said. I am.
Researchers said the Human Cell Atlas project was made possible by improved genetic analysis, making it easier and more affordable to tackle such large-scale efforts.
“Going back about 10 years ago, there was a revolution in the ability to measure individual cells,” Legeff said.
“I remember the old yose joke that it would take 20 years to succeed overnight. That’s where people see three or more gene expressions in a single cell,” Quake said. I had a vision. Over the decades, the technology has gradually matured and is now applicable to projects of this size. “
For more information
Human Cell Atlas That work and discovery..
Source: Sarah Teichmann, PhD, Head, Cell Genetics, Welcome Sanger Institute, UK; Dr. Stephen Quake, President of Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Network, and Professor of Biotechnology and Applied Physics at Stanford University, California. Aviv Regev, PhD, Head, Research and Early Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Meagan Phelan, Spokeswoman, American Society for Scientific Progress, Washington, DC; ChemistryMay 12, 2022, online
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