Health
Global studies of diverse populations shed new light on how genes contribute to type 2 diabetes
An ongoing global study of a diverse population of scientists, including genetic epidemists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, sheds important new light on how genes contribute to type 2 diabetes. ..
The study was published on Thursday, May 12th. Nature Genetics..
Our findings are important because we are moving towards using genetic scores to assess the risk of diabetes. “
Cassandra Spracklen, co-author, assistant professor of biostatistics and epidemiology, UMass Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences
A consortium of 122 different genome-wide association studies (GWAS) by DIAMANTE (DIabetes Meta-ANalysis of Trans-Ethnic Association Studies) is Andrew Morris, a professor of statistical genetics at the University of Manchester, and Mark McCarthy, a professor at the University of Oxford. And Anubha Mahajan.
“global Prevalence of type 2 diabetesLife-changing illnesses have quadrupled in the last 30 years, affecting about 392 million people in 2015, “says Morris.
This research is a major step towards the ultimate goal of identifying new genes and understanding the biology of disease, and may help scientists develop new therapies.
Identifying individuals who are prone to develop type 2 diabetes, regardless of population background, is also an important milestone in the development of a “genetic risk score”.
A meta-analysis compared the DNA of about 181,000 people with type 2 diabetes with the DNA of 1.16 million people without type 2 diabetes. A set of genetic markers called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is searched across the human genome, and genome-wide association studies look for genetic differences between people with and without disease.
This technique allows scientists to focus on the parts of the genome that are involved in the risk of disease and help identify the genes responsible for the disease.
However, the largest genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes has historically been associated with the DNA of people of European descent, and understanding of the disease in other population groups is limited.
To address this bias, scientists from the DIAMANTE Consortium have created the world’s most diverse collection of genetic information about the disease, targeting nearly 50% of individuals in East Asia, Africa, South Asia and Hispanic population groups. I collected it.
“To date, more than 80% of this type of genomic study has been done in Caucasian populations of European descent, but scores developed only for individuals of one ancestor may not work well for people of another ancestor. I know. ” Spracklen helped analyze and coordinate data sharing from East Asian ancestral populations.
A new paper identifies genetic associations with type 2 diabetes in East Asian ancestral populations and genetic associations with diabetes-related characteristics (fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c) in multiple ancestral populations. Based on previous studies of Spracklen to identify.
“Our study includes people from different parts of the world, giving us a better idea of how patterns of genetic risk for type 2 diabetes differ between populations. “McCarthy says.
“We have identified 117 genes that can cause type 2 diabetes, 40 of which have not been reported so far, so a major step forward in understanding the biology of the disease,” said Mahajan. I think it will be. “
International research was partially funded by the National Institutes of Health, Welcome, and the Medical Research Council.
Source:
Journal reference:
Mahajan, A. , et al. (2022) Multi-ancestral genetic research in type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation. Nature Genetics.. doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01058-3..
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