What are the symptoms and how do they spread?What you need to know

Cases of monkeypox are usually limited to Africa, but a series of cases have surfaced in the United States, Europe, and Canada, and it seems that they have nothing to do with Africa.

Last week, the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, Italy, the United States, Sweden and Canada all reported infections, especially among young men who had never traveled to Africa before. France, Germany, Belgium and Australia confirmed the first case of monkeypox on Friday.

“I’m surprised at this. When I wake up every day, more and more countries are infected,” said the virus, a former Nigerian Academy of Sciences and a member of the advisory board of several World Health Organizations. Scholar Oyewale Tomori said. “This isn’t as widespread as we’ve seen in West Africa, so something new may be happening in West Africa,” he said.

On May 18, 2022, US residents tested positive for monkeypox after returning from Canada to the United States. As of May 18, 2022, no additional cases of monkeypox have been identified in the United States, according to the CDC report. However, there is a lot of oversight for suspicious cases.

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“The CDC is also tracking multiple clusters of monkeypox reported in early to mid-May in some countries that normally do not report monkeypox, such as Europe and North America.”

One of the theories investigated by British health authorities is whether the disease is sexually transmitted. Health officials are calling on doctors and nurses to pay attention to potential cases, but say the risk to the general public is low.

more: Monkeypox spreads to the west, embarrassing African scientists

Here’s what you need to know about monkeypox: From CDC:

Monkeypox is a rare disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus.Monkeypox virus Orthopox virus Family genus Poxvirus family.. The Orthopox virus The genus also includes smallpox virus (which causes smallpox), vaccinia virus (used in smallpox vaccines), and bovine variola virus.

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Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks of monkeypox-like disease occurred in a colony of monkeys kept for research, hence the name “monkeypox”. rice field. The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 1970 during a period of intense efforts to eliminate smallpox. Since then, Monkey Pox has been reported in people from several other Central and West African countries, including Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, and Sierra Leone. The majority of infectious diseases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Cases of monkeypox in people occur outside Africa in connection with overseas travel and imported animals. Case study in the United StatesAnd Israel, Singapore, United Kingdom.

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The natural reservoir of monkeypox remains unknown. However, rodents in Africa and non-human primates (such as monkeys) can become infected with the virus and infect people.

How will it be sent?

Monkeypox virus infection occurs when a person comes into contact with the virus from an animal, human, or a substance contaminated with the virus. The virus enters the body through broken skin (even if not visible), airways, or mucous membranes (eyes, nose, or mouth). Animal-to-human transmission can result from bites or scratches, preparation of bushmeat, direct contact with body fluids or lesions, or indirect contact with lesions such as contaminated bedding. Human-to-human transmission is thought to occur primarily through large respiratory droplets.

Flügge droplets generally cannot travel more than a few feet and require lengthy face-to-face contact. Methods of transmission from person to person include direct contact with body fluids or lesional material, and indirect contact with lesional material, such as through contaminated clothing or linen.

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The host of monkeypox (the major mediator of the disease) remains unknown, but it is suspected that African rodents are involved in the transmission. The virus that causes monkeypox has been recovered (isolated) only twice from animals in nature. In the first example (1985), the virus was recovered from an apparently diseased African rodent (roperis) in the equatorial region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The second time (2012), the virus was recovered from an infant Manga Bay found in the Thai National Park in Côte d’Ivoire.

What are the symptoms?

In humans, the symptoms of monkeypox are similar to those of smallpox, but mild. Monkeypox begins with fever, headache, muscle aches, and malaise. The main difference between the symptoms of smallpox and monkeypox is that smallpox causes swelling of the lymph nodes (lymph node swelling), but smallpox does not. The incubation period (time from infection to symptoms) of monkeypox is usually 7 to 14 days, but can range from 5 to 21 days.

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The illness begins as follows.

• heat

• headache

• muscle pain

• lower back pain

• Swelling of the lymph nodes

• cold

• Malaise

Within 1-3 days (and possibly more) of the onset of fever, the patient develops a rash, often starting on the face and spreading to other parts of the body.

Lesions progress through the following steps before shedding.

• macules

• Papules

• Vesicle

• Acne

• Scab

The illness usually lasts 2-4 weeks. In Africa, monkeypox has been shown to kill 1 in 10 people who get sick.

Prevention

There are many steps you can take to prevent the transmission of the monkeypox virus.

• Avoid contact with animals that may hide the virus, including sick and dead animals in areas where monkeypox is occurring.

• Avoid contact with substances such as bedding that come in contact with sick animals.

• Isolate infected patients from other patients who may be at risk of infection.

• Proper hand hygiene after contact with infected animals or humans. For example, wash your hands with soap and water, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

• Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for the patient.

JYNNEOSTM (also known as Imvamune or Imvanex) is a live attenuated virus vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of monkeypox. The Advisory Committee on Immunization and Implementation (ACIP) is currently evaluating JYNNEOSTM to protect people at risk of occupational exposure to orthopoxviruses such as smallpox and monkeypox in pre-event settings.

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Treatment / vaccine

Currently, there is no proven safe treatment for monkeypox virus infection. For the purpose of controlling the outbreak of monkeypox in the United States Smallpox vaccines, antivirals, vaccinia immunoglobulin (VIG) can be used. For more information Smallpox vaccine, antivirals, and VIG treatment..

more: Explainer: What is monkeypox? Where is it spreading?