Health
The mystery of the worldwide spread of monkeypox
Moritz Kramer The first hearing about the outbreak of new monkeypox in the UK, Europe and the United States was through Twitter, not through traditional scientific channels or the UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA). As each suspicious case was reported and infectious disease experts shared the theory in real time, Oxford University epidemiologist Kramer, who specializes in modeling infectious disease epidemics, became increasingly concerned. rice field.
“We noticed that this outbreak is rare in geographic expansion and that some clusters are not linked to travel,” he says. In the past, monkeypox outbreaks in Europe and North America could be traced back to countries where the virus is endemic. Not this time.To keep up with how the virus spreads, Kraemer quickly Monkeypox tracker, Match information about confirmed and suspicious cases. It is this tool that provides a good visualization of all the unusual things about new outbreaks.
Monkeypox is endemic in West and Central Africa, but is not known to be particularly contagious. First discovered in monkeys in 1958, rodents and other small mammals are believed to be the main animal hosts, and the virus is most commonly due to close contact between these creatures and humans. Infects and kills people with heat. The same is true for a clear bumpy rash.
Although it can spread among humans through respiratory droplets and body fluids of infected individuals, monkeypox tends to be less common because it does not spread until the person presents symptoms. Recover and avoid contact with others. UKHSA epidemiologist Mateo Prochazka states that some of the longest recorded routes of transmission for this virus are six consecutive human-to-human transmissions.
However, as Monkeypox Tracker shows, there is no clear connection to endemic countries and clusters of cases are suddenly appearing all over the world. To date, the UK has the most confirmed cases in 57 with clusters in Portugal and Spain, but cases have appeared far into Canada and Australia.
So what’s happening? Some scientists initially speculated that a new, more contagious form of monkeypox might have emerged, but now the first viral genomic sequence from the outbreak has been published, so It seems to suggest that it is not. Last Friday, scientists at the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, Belgium, said: Published the sequence It was isolated from a 30-year-old patient who suggests that the monkeypox currently in circulation is similar to that seen in the 2018 outbreak. Another sequence Those from Portuguese patients also appear to resemble the morphology of the virus detected in 2018.
“If the viral genome from this outbreak is very similar to the previous one, we would be more convinced that there was no jump due to infectious evolution,” said a researcher at the Graduate School of Public Health. Jo Walker says.
This outbreak is due to flares in parts of Africa, a surge in air travel after the end of the pandemic restriction, and weakened immunity to the orthopox virus, a family of viruses including monkeypox, cowpox, and smallpox. It seems likely that you are doing it. And others — over a wide area of the planet. Jamie Lloyd Smith, a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, has been studying monkeypox for over a decade and says that immunity to this viral family has declined since smallpox was eradicated in 1980. ..
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