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Fast-breeding sea urchin species have the potential to open new avenues for genetic research
Many may not be aware that the humble sea urchin is a giant when it comes to biological research. Now, Japanese researchers have discovered that sea urchins have the potential to help advance biological research more than ever.
In a study published this month Development, growth, differentiationResearchers at the University of Tsukuba have revealed that certain types of sea urchins are game changers and may open new avenues in genetic research.
Sea urchins have been used for over 100 years as a model for understanding how biological systems work. These organisms have made it possible to identify the underlying mechanisms of biological phenomena, from gene regulatory networks to proteins involved in the cell cycle. However, there are pitfalls. The model species used so far are not suitable for genetic research because it takes two years to reach reproductive maturity.
To be able to study sea urchin genetics, it is necessary to find species with a short reproductive cycle or speed up the cycle of current model species. In our study, we searched for species with a short breeding cycle. “
Professor Shunsuke Yaguchi, the lead author of the research
Researcher identified Temnopleurus reevesii It takes only 6 months to produce the next generation, and it is a candidate species because it can continuously collect eggs and sperms at temperatures of 20 ° C or higher all year round. Most other models of sea urchins do not have these features, so this species is useful for laboratory culture.
The team assembled the draft genome of T. reevesii We have constructed two genomic databases, TrBase and Western Pacific Sea Urchin Genome Database (WestPac-SUGDB). The latter is T. reevesii And another model of sea urchin, Hemicent Rotas.. The purpose of creating these databases was to provide genetic information and establish a portal site for genetic data of sea urchins in the western Pacific Ocean. WestPac-SUGDB also has a search program to compare two datasets.
“We predict that these databases will contribute not only to sea urchin genetic research, but also to evolutionary research and comparative genomics,” says Professor Yaguchi.
The results of this study have opened up possibilities for use T. reevesii As a new model species for research in many areas, including cells, development, experimentation, and evolutionary biology. In addition, researchers suggest that near-term research will identify another species of sea urchin as an improved model organism in medicine and life sciences.
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Journal reference:
Kinjo, S., et al. (2022) TrBase: Temnopleurusreevesii genome and transcriptome database. Development, growth, differentiation. doi.org/10.1111/dgd.12780..
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