Moderate coffee consumption with or without sugar reduces the risk of death

Drinking a moderate amount of sugar-free or sugar-sweetened coffee (1.5-3.5 cups per day) reduces the risk of death, according to the findings published in. Annual report of internal medicine..

The association between artificially sweetened coffee and mortality risk was not definitive, the researchers reported.

“Notably, much of the association observed between high coffee consumption and morbidity and mortality is present in decaffeinated and decaffeinated coffee, so caffeine alone coffee. I don’t think we can explain all the potential health effects. ” group LiuMD, Written by members of the Epidemiology and Public Health and Preventive Medicine Departments of the Southern Medical University of Xinan University in Guangzhou, China, and colleagues.

In a population-based prospective cohort study, Liu et al. Evaluated 171,616 adults in the UK with no history of CVD or cancer. Participants were enrolled in UK Biobank with an average age of 55.6 years. 44.6% of the participants were male and 95.7% were white. For analysis, participants completed WebQ. This is a 24-hour online meal recall questionnaire that shows how many cups of coffee you drank and how much sugar or artificial sweeteners you added to your coffee. Liu et al. Classified a glass of drink into about 250 mL. They analyzed mortality and outcome data in a seven-year follow-up from 2009 to 2018.

Coffee intake and mortality

The average amount of sugar added to coffee was 1.1 teaspoons, and the average amount of artificial sweeteners added was about 2.1 teaspoons per day.

A total of 1,725 ​​cancer deaths and 628 CVD deaths occurred during the study, Liu et al. Consumers of unsweetened coffee had a lower risk of death from all causes than non-consumers.

• Zero to 1.5 cups: HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.7-0;
• 1.5-2.5 cups: HR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74-0.95;
• 2.5-3.5 cups: HR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62-0.82;
• 3.5-4.5 cups: HR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.6-0.84;
• Greater than 4.5 cups: HR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65-0.91.

Similarly, consumers of sugar-sweetened coffee had a lower risk of death from all causes than non-consumers.

• Zero to 1.5 cups: HR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.78-1.07;
• 1.5-2.5 cups: HR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57-0.84;
• 2.5-3.5 cups: HR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57-0.91;
• 3.5-4.5 cups: HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.6-1.06.

However, according to researchers, adults who drank more than 4.5 cups of sugared coffee were at increased risk of death (HR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.82-1.36).

The association between unsweetened coffee and cancer and CVD mortality was almost consistent with all-cause mortality and was statistically significant (P <.001). The association between sugar-sweetened coffee and artificially sweetened coffee was observed in some cases, only for cancer mortality, Liu and his colleagues reported.

The results were consistent for consumers of instant coffee and ground coffee.

“Coffee is a complex mixture, and several biological mechanisms have been investigated to explain both the beneficial and detrimental effects of coffee intake on mortality risk,” Liu et al. Wrote. increase. “Potential beneficial effects are primarily seen with moderate coffee intake, but harmful effects have been proposed to increase with high intakes.”

“Far from the settled science”

In the research editorial, Christina C. Wee, MD, MPH, Associate Program Director of Internal Medicine Program at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Annual report of internal medicine“The benefits of coffee are far from the settled science,” he said.

According to Wee, Liu et al. Did not mention whether sweetened coffee was beneficial or harmful to their health. In addition, the average amount of sugar participants reported to add to coffee is not close to the large amount of sugar added to coffee purchased from popular coffee chains in the United States. Risk of death.

“We cannot conclude that drinking coffee reduces the risk of death, but the whole evidence is that most coffee drinkers, especially those who do not contain sugar or drink moderate amounts of coffee, eliminate coffee. It doesn’t suggest that we need it, “Wee wrote.

reference:

Liu D, et al. Unintern Med.. 2022; doi: 10.7326 / M21-2977.

We CC. Unintern Med.. 2022; doi: 10.7326 / M22-1465.

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