Health
New evidence of autoimmune causes of schizophrenia
Overview: Researchers have identified autoantibodies that may cause schizophrenia in some individuals. Findings add to the body with increasing evidence that schizophrenia may have an element of autoimmunity.
sauce: Tokyo Medical & Dental University
Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects how people behave, think, and perceive reality. Treatment is often very difficult due to the variety of causes and symptoms.
In a study published last month Cell Reports MedicineResearchers at Tokyo Medical & Dental University (TMDU) have identified autoantibodies (proteins produced by the immune system to attach to specific substances from an individual’s body, rather than foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria). Some patients with schizophrenia.
In particular, they also found that this autoantibody causes schizophrenia-like behavior and brain changes when injected into mice.
When considering autoantibodies that could cause schizophrenia, the research team had specific proteins in mind. Previous studies have shown that neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM1), which help cells in the brain communicate with each other through special connections called synapses, may be involved in the development of schizophrenia. Is suggested.
“We decided to look for autoantibodies to NCAM1 in about 200 healthy controls and 200 schizophrenic patients,” explains Shiwaku Hiroki, lead author of the study.
“These autoantibodies were found in only 12 patients, suggesting that these autoantibodies may be associated with disability in a small proportion of cases of schizophrenia. increase.”
The research team didn’t stop there. They wanted to know if these autoantibodies could cause the changes that commonly occur in schizophrenia, so they purified autoantibodies from some patients and injected them into the brain of mice. did.
“The results were impressive,” says senior author Hidehiko Takahashi.
“The brains of mice had only short periods of these autoantibodies, but had behavioral and synaptic changes similar to those found in humans with schizophrenia.”
Specifically, mice with patient autoantibodies have altered regulation of cognitive impairment and startle reflexes, both of which are found in other animal models of schizophrenia.
In addition, there were few synapses and dendrite spines that are important structures for connections between brain cells and are also affected by schizophrenia.
The results of this study are promising given that schizophrenia can appear very differently among patients and is often refractory to treatment.
If schizophrenia is actually caused by autoantibodies to NCAM1 in some patients, this leads to significant improvements in their diagnosis and treatment.
About this schizophrenia research news
author: Hiroki Shiwaku
sauce: Tokyo Medical & Dental University
contact: Hiroki Shiwaku – Tokyo Medical and Dental University
image: This image is credited to the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical & Dental University.
Independent research: Open access.
“”Autoantibodies to NCAM1 from schizophrenia patients cause schizophrenia-related behavioral and mouse synaptic changes”By Hidehiko Takahashi et al. Cell Reports Medicine
Overview
Autoantibodies to NCAM1 from schizophrenia patients cause schizophrenia-related behavioral and mouse synaptic changes
highlight
- Some patients with schizophrenia are positive for anti-NCAM1 autoantibodies
- Anti-NCAM1 antibody from schizophrenic patients inhibits NCAM1-NCAM1 interaction
- Anti-NCAM1 antibody from schizophrenic patients reduces mouse spines and synapses
- Anti-NCAM1 antibody from patients induces schizophrenia-related behavior in mice
Overview
Genetic and pathogenic studies suspect the underlying autoimmune mechanism of schizophrenia. However, the details remain unknown.
This study describes autoantibodies to neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1) in a Japanese cohort (n = 223) of schizophrenic patients (5.4%, cell-based assay; 6.7%, ELISA). Anti-NCAM1 autoantibodies interfere with both NCAM1-NCAM1 and NCAM1-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) interactions.
In addition, anti-NCAM1 antibodies purified from patients with schizophrenia interfere with NCAM1-Fyn interactions and, when introduced into mouse cerebrospinal fluid, inhibit FAK, MEK1, and ERK1 phosphorylation in the frontal lobe. Reduce the number of spines and synapses.
In addition, it induces schizophrenia-related behaviors in mice, including inadequate prepulse inhibition and cognitive impairment. In conclusion, anti-NCAM1 autoantibodies in schizophrenia patients cause schizophrenia-related behavioral and mouse synaptic changes.
These antibodies are potential therapeutic targets and may serve as biomarkers to distinguish small but treatable subgroups of heterogeneous patients with schizophrenia.
Sources 2/ https://neurosciencenews.com/autoimmune-schziophrenia-20754/ The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article |
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