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New treatments avoid major allergic reactions while maintaining therapeutic activity

New treatments avoid major allergic reactions while maintaining therapeutic activity

 


A few years ago, promising treatments using stem cell factor (SCF), which has the potential to treat a variety of illnesses such as ischemia, heart attack, stroke, and radiation exposure, emerged. However, during clinical trials, many patients suffered from severe allergic reactions and the development of SCF-based therapies was discontinued.

A research team led by engineers at the University of Texas at Austin has developed a related treatment that they say avoids these major allergic reactions while maintaining therapeutic activity.Key to recently published discoveries Nature CommunicationsWas the use of a similar membrane-bound version of SCF provided by engineered lipid nanocarriers.

It can be injected where there is a lack of blood flow, and we believe that blood vessels may grow in that area. “


Aaron Baker, professor of biomedical engineering at Cockrel Institute of Technology and one of the project leaders

Stem cell factor is a cytokine and is a type of soluble protein that can stimulate regeneration and stem cell growth in the body. Its ability to support the growth of stem cells, especially in critical areas such as bone marrow, is highly promising for many therapeutic applications. However, when delivered to the body in stroke-related clinical trials, it caused mast cell growth, activated immune system defenses, and caused allergic reactions.

The new treatment uses a transmembrane stem cell factor, a version of the cytokine bound to the cell membrane. In the body, the transmembrane form is cut into a soluble form that travels around the body.

“We found that this transmembrane stem cell factor has all the necessary therapeutic properties without activating the immune system and causing an allergic reaction,” said a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University. ..

A major problem with transmembrane SCFs is their insolubility and their tendency to aggregate in solution. So the team developed lipid nanocarriers to support speech in solution and regulate their activity for different cell types. They specifically considered using liposomes (lipid bubbles) and lipid nanodisks as carriers for transmembrane SCFs.

“This type of nanodisc is something that people haven’t explored much about developing treatments,” Baker said. “It creates a small island of lipids around the transmembrane SC and holds it along with a ring of protein like a lariat.”

Researchers have patented their method, and the next step will be clinical trials. However, this requires the approval of the US Food and Drug Administration to classify the drug as an investigational drug. In addition, they continue to tweak important details such as the correct dosage for the patient.

sauce:

Journal reference:

Takematsu, E., et al. (2022) Transmembrane stem cell factor protein therapeutics enhance revascularization in ischemia without activating mast cells. Nature Communications.. doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30103-2..

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