Health
Scientists estimate impact of genetic risk factors on healthy life expectancy loss
Researchers have systematically estimated the impact of various disease-related genetic risk factors on healthy life expectancy loss for the first time. Knowing the impact of different genetic risk factors on disease burden helps in prioritizing and designing interventions using genetic information.
How many years of a healthy life will individuals with certain genetic risk factors lose? A new study from the University of Helsinki seeks to answer this difficult question.
Scientists selected genetic variants associated with both common and rare diseases and categorized them based on their impact on average years of healthy life expectancy lost, both from an individual and population perspective. did.
To do this, they analyzed genetic and health data from over 735,000 individuals from two large biobank studies (the FinnGen study in Finland and the UK Biobank).
Led by Andrea Ganna, group leader of the FIMM at the Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, the study was published online September 12 in Nature Medicine.
Our results demonstrate that, at the population level, common genetic variants that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease have a significant impact on years of healthy life expectancy lost.
Not surprisingly, mutations in rare, well-known diseases appear to have the greatest impact on healthy life expectancy at the individual level. is much smaller than for the normal gene variant.
For example, the well-known breast cancer mutation in the BRCA1 Genes lose an average of 4 years or more of healthy life expectancy due to an increased risk of some cancers. Among the common variants, LPA The gene encoding lipoprotein (A) reduces healthy life expectancy by 1.2 years. Elevated plasma levels of this protein are associated with atherosclerosis.
Our estimates are based on a metric called “disability-adjusted life years,” or DALYs. DALY is an excellent tool for this type of study because it considers both poor quality of life and premature death from disease. ”
Sakari Jukarainen, Postdoctoral Fellow, First Author of the Study, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki
“But your genetic make-up is not your destiny. Lifestyle and treatment changes may completely prevent the loss of lifespan due to genetic risk factors,” adds Dr. Jukalainen. increase.
The researchers also compared the impact of common genetic mutations to the disease burden attributed to several well-known modifiable risk factors targeted by public health campaigns.
“Our results show that at the population level, several common genetic variants lose as much healthy life expectancy as established modifiable risk factors such as high sodium intake.” says Dr Andrea Ganna.
“By translating information about genetic risk into expected years of healthy life expectancy lost, we place genetic risk factors in the larger context of traditional risk factors and compare them in terms of their impact across multiple diseases. This will enable the development and implementation of genetic risk-based clinical applications, providing information in a more guided manner,” concludes Ganna.
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Journal reference:
Jukalainen, S. and others. (2022) Genetic risk factors have a significant impact on healthy life expectancy. natural medicine. doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01957-2.
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