Health
Alzheimer’s Aberdeen Trial Could Trigger Early Diagnostic Breakthrough
A new method of scanning the brain may help doctors diagnose the most common form of dementia earlier, when treatment is more beneficial.
Experts say diagnosing Alzheimer’s is not easy. Early abnormalities, such as the appearance of protein plaques, resemble normal aging.
Patients diagnosed with symptoms are most likely already in mid- or late-stage stage sick.
The brain consumes a lot of energy when it works efficiently. A strong indicator of this disease is the inability of brain cells to use glucose.
Levels are usually checked using a PET scan (Positron Emission Topography), which is expensive and involves radiation, so patients cannot be scanned very often.
A recently developed method called chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) can image glucose in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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A team from the University of Aberdeen is investigating for the first time whether CEST can detect differences in glucose levels between Alzheimer’s patients and symptom-free volunteers of similar age.
This technique has been used to detect brain tumors.
“Alzheimer’s disease is really difficult to diagnose,” said Dr. Gordon Waiter, director of the Aberdeen Center for Biomedical Imaging at the University of Aberdeen.
“Most available treatments are aimed at controlling symptoms in the early stages rather than providing a cure, so early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is critical.
“The brain uses a lot of energy when it’s active, and it comes in the form of glucose.
“Unfortunately, a marker of Alzheimer’s disease is parts of the brain that don’t function as well as they used to and use less glucose.
“What we want to see in the scans is the areas of the brain where glucose uptake is lower in people with Alzheimer’s disease than in people without Alzheimer’s disease.
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“We hope that MRI, which is radiation-free and much more widely available, will provide a more widely available solution.
“The main advantage is earlier detection, which is what we want.”
According to research, there were over 850,000 people with dementia in the UK in 2019, equivalent to 1 in 14 people aged 65 and over. By 2040, UK dementia patients are projected to exceed 1.5 million of her.
Recent findings indicate that abnormal removal of waste products in the lymphatic system, the lymphatic system in the brain, is one of the hallmarks of early Alzheimer’s disease.
The glymphatic system is a drainage-like system for cerebrospinal fluid to flow through brain tissue called the brain parenchyma, facilitating efficient clearance of solutes such as glucose and protein wastes from the brain.
CEST has already been used in mice trials by scientists in the United States, Sweden and Hong Kong, and found lower glucose uptake in mice with Alzheimer’s disease.
“Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer is a promising new method for diagnosing this disease, and this important study will provide more information about its effectiveness as a diagnostic tool,” Waiter said.
The study, funded by the Chief Scientist Office (CSO), is currently preparing to recruit participants.
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