Health
Description: To prevent cough particles, mask shape and material problems
Face masks and bandana-style covers made from loosely folded handkerchiefs showed little ability to stop the smallest aerosolized respiratory droplets. (File photo)
The importance of wearing a mask is COVID-19 Pandemic.. It may have become even more important as 239 scientists wrote to the World Health Organization (WHO) about the possible airborne transmission of the virus (as reported in the New York Times).
Given that not everyone has access to N-95, what mask is most effective? What materials and shapes can most effectively prevent droplets from the mouth and the smallest particles (aerosols)?
Evidence for such aspects is still emerging, but researchers at Florida Atlantic University have recently shown how to check mask performance. They used the principles of hydrodynamics to simulate a cough using a mannequin and to track the movement of ejected articles using a laser. The results are published in the journal Physics of Fluids.
A homemade mask runs a little through the gap along the top edge, almost completely blocking the forward motion of the droplet. With commercially available cone masks, leakage through these gaps is noticeable. (Siddhartha Verma, Manhar Dhanak, John Frankenfield / Physics of Fluids)
Broad survey results
* Face masks and bandana-style covers made from loosely folded handkerchiefs showed little ability to stop the smallest aerosolized respiratory droplets.
* Suitable homemade and commercial cone style masks with multiple layers of fabric have significantly reduced the speed and range of the breathing jet.
* Even with these homemade masks and cone-shaped masks, some leakage occurred through the material and through the small gaps along the edges.
* With an uncovered cough, droplets were able to travel well beyond 6 feet (the recommended distance guidelines).
setup
The researchers used a hollow mannequin head with an inner implant to approximate the internal shape and volume of the nose and oral cavity, and a 5 foot 8 inch tall mannequin that matches that of an average human male. did.
The pump delivered a pressure impulse to emulate a cough or sneeze. The pump had an air capacity of 500 ml, comparable to the volume expelled during a cough.
A recreational fog/smoke machine produced tracer particles from a mixture of distilled water and glycerin. The water droplets were less than 10 microns in diameter, comparable to the smallest water droplets coughed out. A 5 mW green laser pointer helped to capture the footage.
Take out
In the absence of a mask, the mannequin was projecting splashes well beyond 6 feet. This distance has been reduced to 1/8 when the mannequin is wearing a loosely folded handkerchief and 1/2 when wearing a bandana style cover. A well-fitting homemade mask with multiple layers of quilted fabric and a ready-made cone style mask is the most effective and despite some leaks (see figure and table).
The bandana style mask used was elastic T-shirt material, the folded handkerchief was cotton, the stitch mask was quilted cotton, and the cone style mask was a randomly classified material.
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