Health
Differences in pulmonary physiology likely to save children from severe illness during COVID-19: a study
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(Sanjeev Rastogi / BCCL Delhi)
According to the researchers, the differences in lung physiology and immune function in children are often the reason for avoiding the severe disease associated with COVID-19.
According to the study, only 1.7% of the first 149,082 cases in the United States, published in the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, were infants, children, and adolescents under the age of 18.
Researchers say children under the age of 18 make up 22% of the U.S. population and as of April 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed only three deaths in children. I will.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, called ACE2, is a door that allows SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, to enter the cells of the body. Studies show that children naturally have less ACE2 in their lungs than their lungs.
ACE2 is important for virus entry and increases with age, so it appears to be small in children,” said Matthew Harting, lead author of a study at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth) in Houston, USA. Said.
In addition to the low number of ACE2 receptors, the authors found that the child’s immune system responded to the virus differently than the adult virus, and pediatric patients had less chance of severe disease.
There are several different mechanisms behind the differences, including retention of T cells in children that can repel or limit inflammation.
“T cells have viral and immunomodulatory responses. We found that in severe cases of adult COVID-19 patients, their T cells were reduced and their ability to fight the virus was also reduced. Harry Karmuty-Quintana, co-author of the study.
“In children, those T cells seem to be maintained and can prevent the virus,” Karmouty-Quintana added.
Lung tissue in children naturally has a high concentration of regulator T cells. Patients with high levels of T cells also have high levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10). It is also known as an inhibitor of human cytokine synthesis, which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine.
“IL-10 suppresses the inflammation of other components that are harmful, such as IL-6. Adults tend to experience hyperinflammatory conditions, but children do not,” Karmouty-Quintana reported. It was
“Preclinical studies in mice have also shown that IL-10 decreases with age,” the study authors write.
A review of 26 countries, recently compiled from 131 studies, is the largest ever systematic review of children and young adults with COVID-19, with the majority of children with COVID-19 being pandemic.
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