Two studies published this week BMJ It provides support for eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods to reduce your risk of developing diabetes.
so Pool analysis Of the three largest future American cohorts, the highest and lowest total grain food consumption Type 2 diabetes..
“These findings further support current recommendations to increase whole-grain consumption as part of a healthy diet for the prevention of type 2 diabetes,” said Dr. Harvard TH Chan, School of Public Health. The author, headed by a student at the program, Yang Fu, writes. Boston, Massachusetts.
Similarly, in large Europe Case cohort studyPeople with higher plasma vitamin C and carotenoid (fruit and vegetable intake) had a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes.
“This study suggests that even a small increase in fruit and vegetable intake can help prevent type 2 diabetes… Whether it’s between people or not,” Ju-Sheng Zheng, PhD, University of University Cambridge, UK, and colleagues.
Individual whole grain food
Previous studies have shown that high whole grain consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease obesity, And some types of cancer, Hu and colleagues say.
Studies show that whole-grain breakfast cereals and brown rice are associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, but other common sources of varying amounts of dietary fiber, antioxidants, magnesium, and phytochemicals Founded to have no effect on whole grain foods consumed.
Hu and his co-workers were 158,259 US women who participated in the Nurse Health Survey (1984-2014) or Nurse Health Survey II (1991-2017), and 36,525 US men who participated in a healthcare professional follow-up The data collected from was analyzed (1986-2016) in the absence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
Participants’ baseline consumption of seven whole-grain foods (whole-grain breakfast cereal, oatmeal, black bread, brown rice, additional bran, wheat germ, popcorn) was based on their own response to the Food Frequency Questionnaire.
During an average of 24 years of follow-up, 18,629 participants developed type 2 diabetes.
After adjusting for body mass index, lifestyle, and dietary risk factors, the participants in the highest quintiles of whole-grain consumption had a 29% lower risk of type 2 diabetes than those in the lowest quintiles. It was.
The most commonly consumed whole grain foods were whole grain cold breakfast cereals, black bread and popcorn.
Eating 1 serving or more per serving lowers your risk of developing diabetes by 19% and 21%, respectively, compared to eating less than 1 serving of whole-day cold breakfast cereal or dark bread per month.
In the case of popcorn, a J-shaped association was found in intake. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes did not increase significantly until the daily intake exceeded about 1 serving, thus increasing the risk of developing diabetes by about 8%. Researchers say that sugar has been added to popcorn.
21%, 12%, 15% of participants ate more than one meal per week if they took less than one meal per month of oatmeal, brown rice, bran, or wheat germ %was. , And the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is 12% lower.
People who are thin or overweight have a significantly reduced risk of diabetes as their whole-grain food consumption increases. However, obese individuals are at increased risk of diabetes, so even a small reduction in risk makes sense.
The authors note that the study was observable and could have included unknown confounders, and results may not be generalized to other populations.
“Five days” fruits and vegetables
Zheng et al. say only one small, previously published study from the United Kingdom examined how blood levels of vitamin C and carotenoids were associated with type 2 diabetes.
They investigated the relationship between 9754 adults with newly developed type 2 diabetes and a comparison group of 13,662 who remained diabetic-free during an average of 9.7 years of follow-up. EPIC)-InterAct survey.
Participants came from Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, and between 1991 and 2007, type 2 diabetes occurred.
Researchers used high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet method to test participants’ vitamin C and six carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, Lycopene, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin), which were used to calculate the combined biomarker score.
According to Zheng et al., recommending that you eat at least 5 different fruits and vegetables per day is equivalent to eating 400 g or more per day.
The median self-reported intake of fruits and vegetables in the current study was 274, 357, 396, 452, and 508 g/day, from the lowest to the highest quintile.
After multivariate adjustment, higher plasma vitamin C and carotenoid levels reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 18% and 25%, respectively, per standard deviation.
Patients with a score of up to 20% had half the risk of diabetes compared to patients with a combined vitamin C and carotenoid biomarker score of at least 20%.
Increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables by 66 g/day reduced the risk of developing diabetes by 25%.
“These findings provide strong evidence from objectively measured biomarkers for recommendations that intake of fruits and vegetables should be increased to prevent type 2 diabetes.”
However, they observe that fruit and vegetable consumption is far below the guidelines’ recommendations.
“Five times a day intake of fruits and vegetables has been recommended for decades, but between 2014 and 2015, 69% of UK adults were below this number Is even higher in adults (86%) in Europe (EU).”
Zheng et al. acknowledge that study limitations include limitations inherent in observational studies.
Although it was not possible to distinguish between juices, fortified products, or whole foods, the analysis said, “As a biomarker for the intake of fruits and vegetables, as a biomarker for the intake of fruits and vegetables, these findings are fruit supplements rather than supplements. Suggesting that they favor the consumption of vegetables and vegetables.
The study by Hu and his colleagues was funded by the National Institutes of Health. The InterAct project was funded by the EU FP6 program. Vitamin C and carotenoid biomarker measurements were funded by the InterAct project, the EPIC-CVD project, the MRC Cambridge Initiative, the European Commission Framework Program 7, the European Research Council, and the National Institutes of Health. Mr. Zheng reports that he is receiving funding from Westlake University and the EU Horizon 2020 program. The disclosures of other authors are listed with the article.
BMJ. Published online 8th July 2020. Study 1 Survey 2
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