Health
Scientists at the Stanford University School of Medicine have identified the entry and exit points of the COVID-19 virus inside the nose.news center
“Once the virus passes through that barrier, it is free to replicate in the underlying cells,” he said.
The researchers also found that when SARS-CoV-2 entered the cell, it induced the activity of some of the intracellular enzymes, which caused the microvilli to expand and branch like crazy cactus plants, leading to their tips. protrude above the mucus barrier. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, many modified microvilli (usually less than half the length of the cilia) have transformed into cilia or larger branched tree-like structures of larger size, forming attached virus particles. decorated with It is pushed into the mucus-mucin layer, where it flows in rivers of mucus, infecting other cells further afield.
Researchers have identified an intracellular enzyme that was massively switched on by SARS-CoV-2 infection, causing microvillus transformation. Inhibition of these enzymes stopped the disorder and greatly reduced the spread of the virus to other cells.
One spray to bind them all?
Jackson and his colleagues identified respiratory organoids as either of two other respiratory viruses (the now burgeoning respiratory syncytial virus and the less common parainfluenza virus), and variants of the Omicron strain. Similar results were obtained when incubated with BA.1.
Omicron was more contagious and, as expected, infected airway organoid multiciliated cells earlier than older strains used in other SARS-CoV-2 experiments. However, blocking viral entry into and out of airway cells proved effective against this highly infectious variant as well.
These viral entry mechanisms may be general properties of many respiratory viruses, Jackson said.
The results of this study show that by inhibiting ciliary motility and microvillus enlargement, an intranasal bacterium that can prevent unknown respiratory viruses (such as those encountered in pandemics) from colonizing the nose and throat. We are identifying new targets for drugs applied to
Jackson said the substances used in these experiments could probably be optimized for use as nasal sprays and prophylaxis immediately after exposure to respiratory viruses.
“Slowing the entry, exit or spread of the virus with drugs applied topically for short periods of time will help the immune system catch up and arrive in time to stop a full-blown infection, and hopefully It will limit future pandemics.
Other researchers from UCSF, Jikei University School of Medicine, and Texas Biomedical Research Institute contributed to this work.
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (grants R01DK127665, R01HD085901, R01GM121565, P30DK116074, R01AI149672-01, U54-CA209971, R01 AI36178, AI40085, P01 AI091575, 5T32GM007276 and 1S10RR026780-01), the Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Fast Grant, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Respond Innovate Scale Empower, Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute.
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