Health
Individuals exposed to youth stress who are more likely to develop juvenile-onset depression
Research Journal of the American Association of Children and Youth Psychiatry (JAACAP)Individuals exposed to early life stress (ELS), as announced by Elsevier, were more likely to develop major depressive disorder (MDD) in childhood or adolescence than individuals not exposed to ELS I am reporting.
Examining the association of eight different types of ELS with adolescent-onset depression, the authors found that some types of ELS (eg, poverty) were not associated with MDD, but others including emotional abuse. We found that this type of stress was more strongly associated with MDD than the more extensive evaluation of ELS.
Researchers document that early life stress increases the risk of developing depression in adulthood. We wanted to know to what extent it was associated with depression early in life, specifically in childhood or adolescence“
Joelle LeMoult, PhD, Lead Writer and Researcher, University of British Columbia
“The early onset of depression is often assumed to mean a more recurrent course throughout life. Early exposure to life stress causes someone to develop adolescent-onset depression. It turned out to increase the possibility more than twice.
“These findings show that there is a narrow window between adversity and depression while we have the opportunity to intervene.”
The findings are based on a meta-analysis of data from 62 journal articles and more than 44,000 unique participants. Studies that assessed early life stress and the presence or absence of MDD by age 18 were also included.
Young people exposed to ELS were 2.5 times more likely to develop MDD compared to young people not exposed to ELS (OR = 2.50; 95% CI). [2.08, 3.00]).
The authors also performed eight additional meta-analyses to investigate the association between different types of ELS and the diagnosis of childhood or adolescent MDD. Sexual abuse, physical abuse, family death, domestic violence, and emotional abuse were associated with a significantly higher risk of juvenile-onset MDD. In contrast, poverty, illness/injury, and exposure to natural disasters were not.
Several variables mitigated the association between ELS and juvenile-onset MDD. For example, studies that used interview-based assessments or incorporated larger sample sizes reported a stronger association between ELS and depression.
Taken together, the findings provide evidence that the adverse effects of ELS on the risk of MDS appear early in development, before adulthood, and vary by ELS type. In addition, the findings support recommendations for using best practice methods in early life stress studies.
Source:
See journal:
Le Mall, J. , other.. (2020) Meta-analysis: exposure to early life stress and risk of depression in childhood and adolescence. American Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatry.. doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.10.011..
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