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How does attention dysregulation affect anxiety, cognition, and depression in adolescents?

How does attention dysregulation affect anxiety, cognition, and depression in adolescents?

 


In a recent study published in scientific report In the journal, researchers investigated the effects of attention dysregulation on anxiety, cognition, and depression in adolescents.

Research: Effects and centrality of attentional dysregulation on cognition, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. Image credit: SeventyFour/Shutterstock.comstudy: Effects and centrality of attentional dysregulation on cognition, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. Image credit: SeventyFour/Shutterstock.com

Background

Studies suggest that cognitive impairment is a common feature of various psychopathologies (factor C) and that there is significant overlap between different forms of psychopathology in the general population (factor P). .

The exact causal relationship between possible C and P factors is still unclear. Fitting models that explore beyond-diagnostic features of psychopathology and cognitive disorders may provide insight, but do not explain specific psychological processes or symptoms.

Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether attentional dysregulation is important in trans-diagnostic cognitive impairment and various psychopathological features.

About research

An adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) cohort was analyzed including a large sample size, diverse psychopathological measures, and an extensive cognitive task battery. The Parent-Child Behavioral Checklist (CBL) was used to extract a multidimensional mental health assessment.

This checklist includes specific DSM-related symptoms and total scores for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety, and other aspects. This measure was rated by parents based on the frequency and accuracy of their child’s testing.

We used the National Institutes of Health (NIH) toolbox of the ABCD neurocognitive battery to obtain a composite measure of age-corrected body fluids and crystallized intelligence to reduce the dimensionality of the cognitive data.

Scores from various cognitive tests, including dimensional change card sorting (DCCS), picture sequence memory, list sorting working memory, flanker inhibitory control and attention, and pattern comparison processing speed test, were used to calculate the fluidity ability score. .

Final results included executive function (EF) functions such as inhibitory control, shifting, and working memory. Oral reading comprehension tests and picture vocabulary tests were sources of crystallized competence.

The analysis focused on psychiatric dimensions, specifically the top 15% and bottom 15% percentiles of the various dimensions. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that attentional dysregulation is a major factor in cognitive impairment.

The research team studied five groups of people with depression and ADHD. people with high levels of both symptoms, people with increased depression and low ADHD, people with mild depression and high ADHD, people with low levels of both symptoms, and a control group.

In addition, regarding ADHD and anxiety, the research team included participants with high ADHD high anxiety, low ADHD high anxiety, high ADHD low anxiety, low ADHD low anxiety, and controls. categorized into other groups.

In this study, a one-way covariance (ANCOVA) analysis was performed to assess the effects of different psychopathological stratifications on the cognitive performance task. The study was conducted separately for anxiety and depression stratification and focused on measures of fluid cognitive performance, crystallized cognitive performance, and global cognitive performance.

result

In this study, there were significant correlations between cognitive performance and factors such as ADHD aspects, internalizing and externalizing aspects, perfectionism, and depression and anxiety aspects, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.01 to 0.15. It has been found.

The study found significant differences in cognitive performance between the depressed and ADHD groups when adolescent stage and parental income were considered as covariates.

The severe ADHD and severe depression group and the severe ADHD and mild depression group showed significant impairment in all three estimates of cognitive performance. The ABCD neurocognitive battery shows consistent patterns of individual EF task scores within fluid task performance measures.

Odd-even split evaluation of all samples confirmed the internal consistency of the results. In this study, using one-way ANOVA with the same covariates, we found significant differences in types of cognitive performance between ADHD/anxiety stratifications.

Individuals classified into the high anxiety/high ADHD and low anxiety/high ADHD strata showed significant cognitive impairment across all three performance estimates, similar to the ADHD/depression stratification. Internal consistency of results was confirmed through odd-even split evaluations across samples.

The researchers also found that parental income, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and poor concentration significantly impacted cognitive performance.

Three two-way analyzes of variance (ANOVA) were performed, revealing that parental income and concentration difficulties significantly affected cognitive performance in all three types. At the same time, depression and anxiety only affected crystallized global cognitive performance.

No significant interaction effects were found between parental income, depression, anxiety, concentration difficulties, and measures of cognitive performance.

A smaller network showed that ADHD-related aspects, anxiety and depressed mood symptoms, had the highest expected impact scores. Additionally, the study found that obsessive-compulsive thinking styles may be associated with ADHD and anxiety symptoms. At the same time, negative peer relationships link ADHD/oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) with social isolation/distress, which can lead to depressed mood.

Conclusion

This study shows that cognitive impairment in adolescents is not a general psychopathology, but primarily a cause of attentional dysregulation, especially in those with anxiety and low mood. The dataset showed a modest correlation between common psychopathology and executive function.

However, executive function was identified as a predictor of change within the common psychopathology ‘P factor’. This suggests that executive dysfunction may take time to develop into psychopathology.

The results of this study also suggest that early intervention targeting attentional dysregulation helps prevent the negative social and cognitive outcomes associated with ADHD and the pathological dynamics manifested as amplification of internalized distress. It also shows that it is possible.

Sources

1/ https://Google.com/

2/ https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230607/How-does-attention-dysregulation-impact-anxiety-cognition-and-low-mood-among-adolescents.aspx

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