Health
World Head and Neck Cancer Day 2020: Even Second-Pass Smoking May Increase Cancer Risk
Head and neck cancers (voice boxes), which consist of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx, make up about 15% of all cancers worldwide.
The cause of head and neck cancer is not yet fully understood. However, many factors are associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer, including tobacco and alcohol intake, diet, dental health, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Among them, smoking is one of the established causes of head and neck cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies smoking as a human carcinogenicity group 1 and claims that there was ample evidence of an association between smoking and head and neck cancer. This is because tobacco contains a variety of carcinogens (substances that can cause cancer), causing genetic changes that lead to cancer.
Passive smoking
Secondhand smoke or involuntary smoking (involuntary exposure to tobacco or secondhand smoke) involves exposure to carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Involuntary smoking includes:
- Direct smoke: Direct smoke is inhaled and exhaled by smokers
- Passive smoke: Passive smoke is released into the air from the burning cone during the puff.
A metabolite of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) was observed in the urine of nonsmokers exposed to involuntary smoking. It was
There is a causal relationship between adult second-hand smoke exposure and lung cancer in nonsmokers, according to the general knowledge of US surgeons.
Secondhand smoke and cancer
Cigarette smoking causes cancer through a variety of mechanisms, including the formation of DNA adducts (parts of DNA bound to cancer-causing chemicals) and interruption of DNA repair. It also affects somatic cell replication and cell proliferation. The carcinogenic mechanisms of second-hand smoke exposure may be similar.
The presence of cigarette smoke biomarkers in passive smokers indicates that involuntary smoking carcinogens may be metabolized by passive smokers, increasing the risk of cancer. Since people spend most of their time at home and at work, these are likely places of involuntary smoking exposure.
Studies suggest that exposure to involuntary smoking is a risk factor for head and neck cancer, especially pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer, independent of aggressive smoking and alcohol use. The consistency of the effects of duration of involuntary smoking exposure at home or work and the consequences of the risk of laryngeal and laryngeal cancer enhances the credibility of causal relationships with these cancers. To eliminate residual confounding due to alcohol, which is recognized as a risk factor for head and neck cancer, an analysis was conducted in people who had never used tobacco or alcohol, and the relationship was confirmed.
Therefore, it can be said that passive smoking plays an etiological role in head and neck cancer. Second-hand smoke may be associated with oropharyngeal cancer in nonsmokers.
This article was written by Dr. Mandeep Singh Malhotra, HOD of Head and Neck and Breast Neoplasia at Fortis Hospital in Vansant Kunj.
For more information, read our article Head and neck cancer..
The Firstpost Health article was created by myUpchar.com, India’s first and largest resource for validated healthcare information. At myUpchar, researchers and journalists work with doctors to provide all health information.
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