Health
UMN research may help inform future COVID-19 vaccines
Scientists around the world are looking for the COVID-19 vaccine. Researchers at the University of Minnesota aim to contribute their discoveries to greater efforts.
Potential vaccines are in trials in the United States, including one by Massachusetts-based biotechnology company Moderna. Since the spread of the vaccine has not yet been approved, local researchers are taking various approaches to developing the vaccine.
Dr Mark Jenkins, director of the Center for University Immunology, said his team is working to understand how COVID-19 infected bodies develop antibodies.
Jenkins said antibody tests can now be used to determine if a virus has been infected, but they cannot detect immunity.
Jenkins said there is broad agreement that antibodies help develop immunity to the virus, but most experts are still uncertain about the number of antibodies that immunity requires. This knowledge is key to understanding how potential vaccines work, Jenkins said.
Jenkins and his partners are currently developing a new test that can detect the number of antibodies in people infected with COVID-19.
“Now there’s a lot of interest among vaccine companies… With vaccines, the first is how many antibodies they are making, and the second is whether those antibodies neutralize the virus. That’s what we do,” said Jenkins.
Current antibody tests can’t determine immunity, but they can help the state understand the prevalence. Based on antibody tests, Jenkins estimates that about 5% of the states have the virus.
“It really tells me that we should take really strong protective measures like social distance. Wear masks in crowded areas. Most people are not immune That’s why,” Jenkins said.
The university is not the only institution in the state that wants to contribute to vaccine development and distribution efforts. Dr. Kennedy, co-director of the Mayo Clinic’s vaccine research group, said the clinic is involved in vaccine research in several ways.
The Mayo Clinic will have the resources to facilitate large-scale clinical trials in the region when potential vaccines become available, Kennedy said.
Kennedy’s lab is working on a peptide vaccine for COVID-19. It works differently than the vaccines currently being tested, such as those of Moderna.
Instead of using live vaccines, peptide vaccines use only a portion of the coronavirus proteins that the body recognizes and produces an immune response.
Kennedy said scientists don’t know what works, so it’s important to look at alternative routes for vaccines.
“We don’t know enough about the immunology of the virus to assume that the current vaccine will be protective. The second point is that most vaccines work differently and often differ. They work differently in collective groups,” said Kennedy.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Advisory Committee on Vaccination Practices oversees national vaccine progress.
At Wednesday’s conference, Dr. Kathryn Edwards of Vanderbilt University presented vaccine trials such as the Moderna vaccine. Edwards said he was optimistic about what the trial has shown so far.
“Safe and effective vaccines are likely to lead to herd immunity, and herd immunity will probably help us get back to normal life,” Edwards said.
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