Health
New immunogenic strains of vaccinia virus reveal potential for potent cancer therapy
Vaccinia virus is a therapeutic tool with different biomedical applications depending on its susceptibility characteristics. For example, MVA (Modified Vaccinia Ankara) is unable to replicate in mammalian cells, triggers a strong immune system response, and has been used to develop vaccines against COVID-19 and AIDS. In contrast, other strains, such as Western Reserve (WR) and Copenhagen (Cop), replicate efficiently in tumor cells and have been used to develop cancer treatments. For this reason, they are called immuno-oncolytic viruses and are the basis of viral immunotherapy.
However, these virus strains have reduced immunogenicity and are therefore less effective at activating patients' immune responses against tumors.
Now, research led by the University of Barcelona, the Bellvitge Biomedical Institute (IBIDELL) and the University of Munich (Germany) has developed a new vaccinia virus strain that is able to replicate in tumor cells but is also more immunogenic – specifically, able to induce so-called immunogenic cell death in tumor cells.
The study was published in the journal Molecular TherapyThe study was carried out with the support of the Spanish Association against Cancer (AECC) and in collaboration with the National Research Institute (AEI). Tested in different mouse models, this new therapeutic tool has been shown to have low toxicity and a high capacity and efficiency to activate the immune response against tumors. The virus is also effective in the treatment of different cancers, such as: Malignant melanomacolon cancer, and kidney cancer.
Furthermore, repeated administration of the virus produced very remarkable results: complete disappearance of the tumors.”
Juan J. Rojas, first author of the study and principal investigator in the Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group in the School of Medicine and Health Sciences at UB and IBIDELL
The discovery of this new viral strain represents a major advance in viral immunotherapy research and demonstrates its therapeutic potential in treating cancer patients.
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Journal References:
Rojas, J.J. other(2024). New MVA ancestor-derived oncolytic vaccine viruses induce immunogenic tumor cell death and potent antitumor immune responses. Molecular Therapy. Translation: doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.014.
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