Health
More than 1,000 cases of 'flesh-eating' bacteria infection, cause unknown
The number of patients with fulminant streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which can cause necrosis and has a high mortality rate, has exceeded 1,000 since January.
That beats last year's total, which was the highest since 1999, when data first became available.
Outbreak There's no end in sight at this point.
According to preliminary figures released by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases on June 18, the number of infected people this year was 1,019 as of June 9.
In just six months, the number has already surpassed last year's figure of 941.
There are several strains of streptococcus, including group A streptococcus and group B streptococcus.
Group A causes pharyngitis (streptococcal pharyngitis) and is a common pathogen that occurs annually from winter to spring and early summer, mainly among children. It rarely causes severe illness.
However, if the bacteria enters the body through a wound, it can cause the more deadly fulminant STSS. This “flesh-eating bacteria” can infect patients through wounds in the hands and feet, causing rapid necrosis and multiple organ failure.
Death can occur within a few hours of onset, and the mortality rate is thought to be extremely high, estimated at 30%.
Since the second half of 2023, there has been an increase in pharyngitis and STSS caused by group A streptococci.
According to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, more than 70% of STSS patients are usually over 50 years old. However, from July to December 2023, the proportion of patients under 50 years old increased.
Experts believe the cause is the highly virulent and contagious M1UK strain of group A streptococcus.
Since the 2010s, numerous cases caused by this strain have been reported in the UK and other countries.
Experts believe that this particular strain may have entered Japan from overseas and caused the spread of the infection.
A Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare official said, “We don't know the exact reason, but the number of patients with streptococcal pharyngitis is increasing, which is thought to be leading to an increase in the number of STSS patients.”
The number of reported STSS patients overseas is also increasing.
Strep throat and similar symptoms are usually the only side effect caused by strep, so the exact connection of how it leads to STSS is unclear.
The ministry is urging people to take basic infection prevention measures such as washing their hands, wearing masks and keeping wounds clean.
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