Health
The plague may have started killing Europeans long before the Middle Ages
Contrary to popular belief, DNA from Stone Age bones and teeth suggests that the plague depopulation of Europe began thousands of years before the great Medieval (14th century) epidemics.
A team led by researchers at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark used population-scale ancient genome analysis to infer the ancestry, social structure and pathogen infections of 108 Neolithic (late Stone Age) farmers buried in eight megaliths (large stones) in Sweden and cists (small sarcophagus-like boxes) in Denmark, and reconstructed four six-generation family trees, the largest of which consisted of 38 individuals with a patrilineal social organization.
of result Published yesterday Nature.
The plague, a disease transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets by bacteria carried by fleas and rats, killed half the population of Europe – 200 million people. Characterized by swollen lymph nodes, fever, muscle pain and weakness, it is caused by: Plague Yersinia pestis Bacteria.
“During the period between 5,300 and 4,900 years before present (1000 BCE), most of Europe underwent a period of population decline,” the study authors note. “However, the causes of this so-called Neolithic population decline remain a matter of debate,” experts say, disagreeing on whether an agricultural crisis, warfare, or an early form of plague was to blame.
Plague bacteria found in 17% of corpses
Plague was detected in the 5,000-year-old DNA of at least 17% of a wide range of sampled populations, analysis of one family revealed at least three cases of infection over a roughly 120-year period, and direct genomic evidence of outside-group mating practices was found in a woman buried separately from her siblings.
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