Study Says Stool Test for Gut Bacteria Could Help Diagnose Autism in Kids Early. What Does It Mean for You? | Health & Wellness News

Diagnosis is often difficult Autism in Children There is a wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms, known as a spectrum. Therefore, there is no single test that can diagnose this neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Also, because symptoms overlap with other behavioral disorders, early diagnosis can be delayed within the first few years of life. However, recent studies have shown that it can be diagnosed with gut bacteria.

What the study found

The study tracked the gut flora or gut microbiome, a microorganism that includes bacteria, fungi, viruses and their genes that live in the digestive tract. The researchers analyzed more than 1,600 stool samples from normal and autistic children aged 1 to 13 years and identified several biological markers. They found 31 changes in the gut microbiome that are associated with autism. “This means that gut checks can be used to diagnose diseases along with or in place of genome sequencing, medical history and brain scans,” said Dr Yogesh Shosheh, deputy director, SKAN Research Trust, Bangalore. “Changes in the gut microbiome are associated with neurological disorders like obesity, diabetes and Parkinson's disease. So it could be useful for autism,” he added.

Dr Qu Si, the study's lead author and a Chinese molecular biologist, said these biomarker-based tools could help experts diagnose autism earlier and allow children to receive more effective treatment at a younger age.

What tools are currently used to diagnose autism?

“Currently, testing is complex as this neurodevelopmental disorder has a range of symptoms characterised by impaired social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviours,” said Dr Archana Kadam, consultant in developmental paediatrics at KEM and Jehangir Hospital. PuneDoctors rely on parent interviews and observations, such as the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). One current screening tool is a questionnaire given to parents of children between the ages of 16 and 30 months. Another is the Autism Diagnostic Interview-R (ADI-R), which is a parent interview, and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2), which is a semi-structured, standardized assessment tool that includes a lot of play-based activities. “These are currently the gold standard of diagnostic tools,” says Dr. Kadam.

Why we need to pay attention to intestinal problems in children

“Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation, bloating and intolerance to certain foods. Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolic and inflammatory responses may affect the functioning of genes in these children, leading to cognitive and behavioral difficulties,” said Dr. Kadam. However, he feels that further research is needed to discover how the gut microbiota can be targeted through therapeutic and dietary interventions, such as reducing the intake of wheat, milk, preservatives and sugar. “Eating healthy home-grown foods rich in protein, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins can help. Include fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, fish and legumes,” said Dr. Kadam.

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