Health
Carpets and flames: design rules for the morphology of ciliated organelles
The history of science is a series of paradigm shifts, when conventional theories are overturned and replaced by new discoveries. The Kanso Bio-Inspired Motion Lab at the University of Southern California's Viterbi School of Engineering is used to such paradigm shifts, and they publish their findings in top academic journals.
The latest paper from the lab is: Nature Physics, The paper, titled “The physics of flow guides the morphology of ciliated organelles,” provides new understanding of the connection between two different mechanisms for pumping fluid in vivo: the “flame” and “carpet” models of the ciliary canal.
In humans, ciliated tissue pumps fluids through the airways, ventricles, spinal canal, and reproductive system. These cilia are characterized by a “carpet”-like design: imagine a dense layer of short fibers perpendicular to the epithelial surface. Many animals also have tubes with a very different ciliary arrangement: the ciliary ulcer design, in which densely packed, relatively long cilia move longitudinally along a narrow lumen.
Ciliitis is not found in large multicellular organisms such as humans, so the two forms – carpet and flame – were thought to have differentiated during evolution. However, Professor Eva Kanso and her research team, particularly co-authors Feng Lin*, a PhD student at the University of Southern California, and Jana Nawros*, a research scientist, discovered that this distinction actually depends on the need for different fluid pumps.
In other words, form follows function. The authors propose that convergence in ciliated organelle design follows mechanistic constraints rather than phylogenetic trajectories (the evolution and development of relationships).
In this paper we present a unified fluid model that proposes a set of universal design rules for ciliary pumps, an unexpected continuum between two typically opposing models: Two structural parameters, lumen diameter and cilia-to-lumen ratio, organize the diversity of ciliary tubes into a continuous spectrum that unites carpets and flames.
At either end of the spectrum, results show that flow rate and pressure generation are maximized (consistent with physiological requirements for bulk transport and filtration), while designs intermediate along the morphological spectrum constitute optimally efficient hybrids.
This new discovery will provide further clarity in the study and management of major pathologies associated with cilia dysfunction and fluid accumulation, such as bronchiectasis, hydrocephalus, and ectopic pregnancy. The discovery will also improve our understanding of the function of certain organs, for example cilia that pump fluid for excretion, providing a model system for studying kidney disease in humans.
Despite the fundamental importance of ciliated organelles in animal physiology, the relationship between ciliary tube morphology and their ability to pump fluid has remained largely unexplored due to the difficulty of measuring ciliary beating and fluid flow in intact internal tubes. By tackling this challenging area of research using both experiments and mathematical modeling, the Kanso lab proposes an innovative and intuitive new approach. The dichotomy has now been reframed as a continuum, making a key challenge in science and engineering one step easier.
*Currently at the Navros Mechanobiology Lab, Helmholtz Pioneer Campus Munich
|
Sources 2/ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/07/240729104207.htm The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article |
What Are The Main Benefits Of Comparing Car Insurance Quotes Online
LOS ANGELES, CA / ACCESSWIRE / June 24, 2020, / Compare-autoinsurance.Org has launched a new blog post that presents the main benefits of comparing multiple car insurance quotes. For more info and free online quotes, please visit https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/the-advantages-of-comparing-prices-with-car-insurance-quotes-online/ The modern society has numerous technological advantages. One important advantage is the speed at which information is sent and received. With the help of the internet, the shopping habits of many persons have drastically changed. The car insurance industry hasn't remained untouched by these changes. On the internet, drivers can compare insurance prices and find out which sellers have the best offers. View photos The advantages of comparing online car insurance quotes are the following: Online quotes can be obtained from anywhere and at any time. Unlike physical insurance agencies, websites don't have a specific schedule and they are available at any time. Drivers that have busy working schedules, can compare quotes from anywhere and at any time, even at midnight. Multiple choices. Almost all insurance providers, no matter if they are well-known brands or just local insurers, have an online presence. Online quotes will allow policyholders the chance to discover multiple insurance companies and check their prices. Drivers are no longer required to get quotes from just a few known insurance companies. Also, local and regional insurers can provide lower insurance rates for the same services. Accurate insurance estimates. Online quotes can only be accurate if the customers provide accurate and real info about their car models and driving history. Lying about past driving incidents can make the price estimates to be lower, but when dealing with an insurance company lying to them is useless. Usually, insurance companies will do research about a potential customer before granting him coverage. Online quotes can be sorted easily. Although drivers are recommended to not choose a policy just based on its price, drivers can easily sort quotes by insurance price. Using brokerage websites will allow drivers to get quotes from multiple insurers, thus making the comparison faster and easier. For additional info, money-saving tips, and free car insurance quotes, visit https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/ Compare-autoinsurance.Org is an online provider of life, home, health, and auto insurance quotes. This website is unique because it does not simply stick to one kind of insurance provider, but brings the clients the best deals from many different online insurance carriers. In this way, clients have access to offers from multiple carriers all in one place: this website. On this site, customers have access to quotes for insurance plans from various agencies, such as local or nationwide agencies, brand names insurance companies, etc. "Online quotes can easily help drivers obtain better car insurance deals. All they have to do is to complete an online form with accurate and real info, then compare prices", said Russell Rabichev, Marketing Director of Internet Marketing Company. CONTACT: Company Name: Internet Marketing CompanyPerson for contact Name: Gurgu CPhone Number: (818) 359-3898Email: [email protected]: https://compare-autoinsurance.Org/ SOURCE: Compare-autoinsurance.Org View source version on accesswire.Com:https://www.Accesswire.Com/595055/What-Are-The-Main-Benefits-Of-Comparing-Car-Insurance-Quotes-Online View photos
to request, modification Contact us at Here or [email protected]
 |
 |
 |
